<title>Robust 3D DFT video watermarking</title>

Abstract

This paper proposes a new approach for digital watermarking and secure copyright protection of videos, the principal aim being to discourage illicit copying and distribution of copyrighted material. The method presented here is based on the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of three dimensional chunks of video scene, in contrast with previous works on video watermarking where each video frame was marked separately, or where only intra-frame or motion compensation parameters were marked in MPEG compressed videos. Two kinds of information are hidden in the video: a watermark and a template. Both are encoded using an owner key to ensure the system security and are embedded in the 3D DFT magnitude of video chunks. The watermark is a copyright information encoded in the form of a spread spectrum signal. The template is a key based grid and is used to detect and invert the eect of frame-rate changes, aspect-ratio modication and rescaling of frames. The template search and matching is performed in the log-log-log map of the 3D DFT magnitude. The performance of the presented technique is evaluated experimentally and compared with a frame-by-frame 2D DFT watermarking approach.

DWT Based Blind Digital Video Watermarking Scheme for Video Authentication

“…Scanning to generate the histogram for 1 frame = n 1 x n 2 Create histogram = n 1 x n 2 Compare the histogram = 64 x 64 Total running time = [2(n 1 x n 2 ) + 64] x T = O (n 1 n 2 T)…”

“…The owner of the digital content, desires to ensure that all access to the content is authorized under the rules of a license (conditional access), unauthorized reproductions cannot be easily made (copy protection), and any illegal copies that are created can be detected and traced (authentication and content tracking). Without solving these security issues, digital multimedia products and services cannot take-off in an ecommerce setting [2].…”

Ensuring security of H.264 videos by using watermarking

“…12 There are also approaches that take into account the temporal dimension such as the watermarking in the histogram average frames luminance 16,20 or the watermarking on a frequency volume such as the 3D-DFT. 18 Before the quantization phase, one may modify the luminance DCT coefficients, taking care to have an embedding strength parameter which is function of the quantization parameter chosen by the user. We can cite the clever proposal of Golikeri et al 7 that embeds 1 bit per macro block, uses a psychovisual mask, and combines a spreading and a quantization watermarking technique (the watermarking technique is the ST-SCS quantization approach).…”

Fast Robust Template Matching for Affine Resistant Image Watermarks

“…However both these methods exploit the properties of log-polar-maps (LPM) and can only be used to detect changes of rotation and scale. Similarly the loglog-map (LLM) [4] has also been proposed as a means of detecting changes in aspect ratio. However, once again general transformations cannot be recovered.…”