&lt;title&gt;Researches of optical cable stability in the microduct to effect of freezing water&lt;/title&gt;

Burdin, Vladimir A.; Nikulina, Tatiana G.; Alekhin, Ivan N.; Gavryushin, Sergey A.

doi:10.1117/12.887316

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Water seepage is considered a major problem in modern optical fiber communication systems. Frozen water inside ducts results in communication signal attenuations, and may cause duct rupture or undesirable bending in the optical fiber cables installed inside the ducts [2]. The air pressure sustaining capability of mechanical joints is principally dependent upon O-rings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Battery Powered Inductive Welding System for Electrofusion Joints in Optical Fiber Microducts

2021

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Optical fiber microducts are joined together by mechanical joints. These mechanical joints are bulky, require more space per joint, and are prone to air pressure leakage and water seepage during service. A battery powered electrofusion welding system with a resistive-type joint has been recently developed to replace mechanical joints. These resistive-type electrofusion joints require physical connectors for power input. Due to a different installation environment, the power input connectors of resistive optical fiber microduct joints may corrode over time. This corrosion of connectors will eventually cause water seepage or air pressure leakage in the long run. Moreover, due to connector corrosion, resistive-type optical fiber microduct joints cannot be re-heated in future if the need arises. In this study, an inductively coupled electrofusion-type joint was proposed and investigated. This inductive-type electrofusion joint is not prone to long-term corrosion risk, due to the absence of power connectors. Inductive-type electrofusion joints can be re-heated again for resealing or removal in the long run, as no metal part is exposed to the environment. The battery powered inductive welding system can be easily powered with a 38 volts 160 watt-hour battery. The inductive-type electrofusion joint was welded within one second, and passed a 300-newton pull strength test and a 10-bar air pressure leakage test. It was demonstrated that the power input requirement for inductive electrofusion joints is 64% higher than that of resistive electrofusion joints. However, these inductive joints are relatively easy to manufacture, inexpensive, have no air leakage, and no water seepage risk in highly corrosive environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The air pressure sustaining capability of mechanical joints is principally dependent upon O-rings. Experience has shown that the mechanical joints leak at air the ducts [2]. The air pressure sustaining capability of mechanical joints is principally dependent upon O-rings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery Powered Inductive Welding System for Electrofusion Joints in Optical Fiber Microducts

2021

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“…The O-rings sit on the microduct's outer surface and provide protection against air pressure leakage and water seepage. Protection from water is necessary to avoid duct deformation or rupture due to freezing [4]. In order to provide long-time protection against moisture and dust, IP68 protection jackets are commonly installed on each microduct joint as shown in orange color in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Development of a Battery Powered Electrofusion Welding System for Optical Fiber Microducts

et al. 2020

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At present, optical fiber microducts are coupled together by mechanical types of joints. Mechanical joints are thick, require a large space, and reduce the installation distance in multi-microduct installation. They may leak or explode in the blown fiber installation process. Mechanical joints are subjected to time dependent deterioration under long service times beneath the earth's surface. It may start with a small leakage, followed by damage due to water freezing inside the optical fiber microduct. Optical fiber microducts are made up of high-density polyethylene, which is considered most suitable for thermoelectric welding. For thermoelectric welding of two optical fiber microducts, the welding time should be one second, and should not cause any damage to the inner structure of the microducts that are being coupled. To fulfill these requirements, an LTspice simulation model for the welding system was developed and validated. The developed LTspice model has two parts. The first part models the power input to joule heating wire and the second part models the heat propagation inside the different layers of the optical fiber microduct and surrounding joint by using electro-thermal analogy. In order to validate the simulation results, a battery powered prototype welding system was developed and tested. The prototype welding system consists of a custom-built electrofusion joint and a controller board. A 40 volt 4 ampere-hour Li-Ion battery was used to power the complete system. The power drawn from the battery was controlled by charging and discharging of a capacitor bank, which makes sure that the battery is not overloaded. After successful welding, a pull strength test and an air pressure leakage test were performed to ensure that the welded joints met the requirements set by the mechanical joints. The results show that this new kind of joint and welding system can effectively replace mechanical joints in future optical fiber duct installations.

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<title>Researches of optical cable stability in the microduct to effect of freezing water</title>

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Battery Powered Inductive Welding System for Electrofusion Joints in Optical Fiber Microducts

Battery Powered Inductive Welding System for Electrofusion Joints in Optical Fiber Microducts

Design and Development of a Battery Powered Electrofusion Welding System for Optical Fiber Microducts

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