&lt;title&gt;Recent developments in document image watermarking and data hiding&lt;/title&gt;

Chen, Minya; Wong, Edward K.; Memon, Nasir; Adams, Scott F.

doi:10.1117/12.448201

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It is also not possible to apply a frequency domain approach, such as a spread spectrum embedding, to binary document image watermarking because of the need for postembedding binarization of a watermarked image. Post-embedding binarization, to ensure that the marked image is still a two-color image, has been shown to create a perceptible distortion along the black-white boundaries and to disturb the embedded watermark to the point of removing it completely [1][6]. Document images are scanned representations of two-color documents, such as legal documents, birth certificates, digital books, engineering maps, architectural drawings, road maps, music scores, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Innovative Pixel Scoring Method for Watermarking of Binary Document Images

Muharemagic¹,

Furht

2006

2006 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo

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In order to embed a watermark into a binary document image, some subset of image pixels needs to be modified. This modification will cause a document image distortion. Careful selection of image pixels can make distortion appear less visible. We propose a new binary document image pixel scoring method, the Structural Distortion Measure, whose objective is to identify image pixels whose modification, as part of a watermark embedding process, will minimize document image visible distortion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Innovative Pixel Scoring Method for Watermarking of Binary Document Images

Muharemagic¹,

Furht

2006

2006 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo

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“…Digital watermarking techniques have been proposed for ownership protection, copy control, annotation and authentication of digital media. Most of digital image watermarking techniques in the literature are proposed for gray-scale/color images, while the digital watermarking for binary images are only addressed by a few authors [1,2,3,4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binary image watermarking through biased binarization

Kot

Susanto

2003

2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo. ICME '03. Proceedings (Cat. No.03TH8698)

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This paper presents a watermarking algorithm for binary images. The original binary image is blurred to a gray-level image and we embed the watermark by biasing the threshold in binarization. A loop is used to control the quality of watermarked images and robustness, and a key is generated for extraction. We employ error correction codes to reduce extraction error. This algorithm can be applied to general binary images except dithered images. Experiments show that the distortion in the watermarked image is not obtrusive and the algorithm provides some degree of robustness.

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“…A method based on edge histogram for grayscale images is proposed in [18]. Some comparisons and recent developments in area of document image watermarking are reported in [19,20]. A few efforts have been made in transform domain for watermarking of such images recently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Watermarking of Document and Graphics Images in Wavelet Domain

Patvardhan¹,

Verma²,

Lakshmi³

2012

IJAIS

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In this paper, a wavelet based watermarking scheme for the protection of document and graphics images is proposed. Document and graphics images are different from other images as such images are typically in two colors only (generally white as background and black or other color as text or drawing). In document or graphics images, white background area is usually more than the text or drawing content, therefore any attempt at watermarking, creates the problem of visual artifacts on white background. Here a spread spectrum watermarking scheme in wavelet domain is presented, which utilizes only the area covered by the text or drawing for watermarking and leaving the white background area clear of any visual artifacts. Suitable wavelet coefficients are determined for watermark embedding using a mask. Depending on the number of available wavelet coefficients for embedding, better robustness is achieved by selecting appropriate embedding strength using a simple fuzzy rule. This scheme utilizes the characteristics of human visual system by selecting high frequency wavelet coefficients of diagonal orientation. As can be seen in the computational results, clear white background area is ensured with better robustness presented on a variety of document and graphics images.

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<title>Recent developments in document image watermarking and data hiding</title>

Cited by 35 publications

References 21 publications

An Innovative Pixel Scoring Method for Watermarking of Binary Document Images

An Innovative Pixel Scoring Method for Watermarking of Binary Document Images

Binary image watermarking through biased binarization

Robust Watermarking of Document and Graphics Images in Wavelet Domain

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