<title>Rapid terrain database generation using image differencing and 3D terrain editing tools</title>

Abstract

The ability to rapidly and inexpensively generate terrain databases to replicate actual terrain is critical to insuring correlation between the results from live, virtual, and constructive simulations used in testing and evaluating weapons, sensors, and battlefield command and control systems. In this paper we describe a technique for producing battlefield terrain data sets from oblique aerial photos and other nontraditional data sources using image differencing and 3D terrain editing tools. This technique uses a feedback loop to calculate terrain data parameters from differences between actual sensor imagery and synthetic imagery of replicated terrain created by an image generator. The technique is especially well suited for updating knowledge of battlefield situations from reconnaissance and remotely piloted vehicle sensors. It also holds promise for automation and real-time data reduction of battlefield sensor feeds and improved now-time situational awareness.We will present the algorithms and approach utilized in the Image Differencing technique. We will also describe the software developed to implement the approach. Lastly we will present the results of experiments and benchmarks conducted to measure the effectiveness and progress made toward real-time terrain database generation.

Indications for quantum computation requirements from comparative brain analysis

“…The two concepts are combined in an image model feedback loop algorithm which constantly generates calculated sensor images from 3d environment representations that are in turn updated from differences between expectations and actual measurements [27]. Such algorithms have in the opinion of one of us the right characteristics to handle a general free flight environment.…”

Multi-eye input experiments for UAV image navigation and control

“…[3] One of the most important characteristics of the model-feedback approach is that such signature changes are calculated in the reference image generation branch. Knowing or estimating the impact of these effects on the image is relatively easy and many good rendering models have been developed.…”

<title>Target location and sensor fusion through calculated and measured image differencing</title>

“…In fact this registration technique was originally developed in order to identify data base errors or changes in the terrain database which need to be updated. Terrain database update techniques are discussed in a parallel paper [9].…”