“…An example of an embedded sensor is a fiber optic sensor (Mitrovic and Carman, 1994;Takeda, 2000). An example of a self-sensing material is a polymer-matrix composite that contains a special reinforcing continuous fiber in the form of a cladded glass fiber, which acts as the light guide (Hayes et al, 1996(Hayes et al, , 1997Brooks et al, 1997;Zolfaghar et al, 1998;Kister et al, 2004). Another example of a self-sensing material is a polymer-matrix composite that contains continuous carbon fiber, the electrical conductivity of which allows self-sensing through electrical resistance measurement (Ceysson, et al, 1995;Kemp et al, 1996;Wang and Chung, 1997a,b, 1998aYanagida, 2000;Abry and Choi, 2001;Kupke et al, 2001;Wang and Chung, 2002;Chung and Wang, 2003;Wang et al, 2005a).…”