&lt;title&gt;Photoformers: materials for holographic recording&lt;/title&gt;

Karpov, G. M.; Obukhovsky, Vyacheslav V.; Smirnova, T. V.; Lemeshko, V. V.

doi:10.1117/12.239223

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In real photopolymer compositions (which we named «photoformers» [8]) the appearance of diffusion flows becomes possible due to polymer shrinkage effect [9][10][11][12][13] or due to the presence of an additional mobile component in the photosensitive medium [14][15][16][17][18]. The generalization of the diffusion equation for the case of diffusion redistribution of two mobile components (monomer and neutral component) with presence of the third motionless component (polymer) was carried out in [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized model of holographic recording in photopolymer materials

Karpov¹,

Obukhovsky²,

Smirnova³

1999

SPQEO

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The generalized diffusion model of holographic recording in photopolymer materials has been offered. The theoretical description of hologram formation process is based on the concept of free volume redistribution and using the generalized diffusion equation. Free volume is produced in photopolymer medium due to the polymer shrinkage effect. The developed theory allows to take into account influence of inhomogeneous monomer distribution during recording process and shrinkage rate on a kinetics of a hologram formation. The principal influence of the diffusion/polymerization rates ratio on the hologram properties has been shown. The offered model allows also to describe relief formation process on the surface of a recording layer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized model of holographic recording in photopolymer materials

Karpov¹,

Obukhovsky²,

Smirnova³

1999

SPQEO

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“…This assumption is reasonable, as this fast rate of diffusion of the small oxygen molecule will not be significantly affected by any small changes in material viscosity. The inhibition rate constants, due to the differences in the relative molecular size, [37]. However in this analysis, for the sake of simplicity we…”

Section: Oxygen Inhibtionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sutherland et al [36] extended this concept to account for the fact that shrinkage does not necessarily occur instantaneously by allowing for the collapse of the holes at some characteristic rate constant, depending on the material. Karpov et al [37] had, previous to this, also used the hole concept to model the shrinkage process. However unlike the previous authors, Karpov et al developed a two component PDD model which allowed for hole diffusion prior to their collapse.…”

Section: Monomer Crosslinker and Holesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(18) Following on from the work presented by Karpov et al [37] on multicomponent diffusion, it is then assumed that the diffusion of monomer and crosslinker into the bright regions of the interference pattern (in an attempt to equalising the concentration gradients), must be met with a counter flow of Hole A and Hole B , which is equal and opposite. Thus the total net flux in the material is zero and the condition of total volume conservation is satisfied.…”

Section: Monomer Crosslinker and Holesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, much work has been carried out to account for the effects of shrinkage during and post holographic exposure in photopolymers [36][37][38]. Qi et al [38] modelled the processes of material shrinkage using the concept of holes.…”

Section: Monomer Crosslinker and Holesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent developments in the NPDD model

2012

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An understanding of the photochemical and photo-physical processes, which occur during photo-polymerization, is of extreme importance when attempting to improve a photopolymer material's performance for a given application. Recent work carried out on the modeling of photopolymers during-and post-exposure, has led to the development of a tool, which can be used to predict the behavior of a number of photopolymers subject to a range of physical conditions. In this paper, we explore the most recent developments made to the Non-local Photo-polymerization Driven Diffusion model, and illustrate some of the useful trends, which the model predicts and then analyze their implications on photopolymer improvement.Keywords: Holography, holographic recording material, photopolymer, inhibition. Contact Author: mgleeson@cs.nuim.ie and john.sheridan@ucd.ie INTRODUCTIONExtensive research and development of photopolymer materials and their photochemical kinetics [1-10] has been carried out in both academia and industry due to the growing interests in applications involving photopolymers [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].To maximise the potential of these materials, the provision of a physically comprehensive theoretical model of the effects occurring during and post-photo-polymerization is becoming ever more important. Such a model will enable potential trends in a material's performance to be recognized and optimised, [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. An example of this is the two part paper published by Guo et al. [31,32] whereby chain transfer agents were added to reduce the effects of non-local polymer chain growth and hence improve the high density resolution of the photopolymer under examination.A recent publication by the authors [33] has presented a number of simulations of ratios of various key material components which offer possible methods to further improve photopolymer materials. This model's versatility has also been shown through its application to a number of other photopolymers, [34,35] including a material developed by Bayer MaterialScience (BMS), Germany. In this paper we extend the Non-local Photo-polymerization Driven Diffusion (NPDD) model used in the analysis provided in Ref.[33], to generate a more physically accurate representation of the processes occurring during photo-polymerisation. These extensions include; (i) time varying kinetic rates of reactions as a result of increased material viscosity (reduction in free volume), (ii) temporal and spatial variations in monomer and polymer diffusion due to increased material viscosity, (iii) full multicomponent analysis, inclusive of free space hole generation, (iv) independent monomer and crosslinker reactions and diffusion effects, (v) inter-diffusion effects between monomers and free space holes. It must also be clearly noted at this point, that the model includes; (a) non-steady state kinetics, (b) spatial and temporal non-local polymer chain growth, (c) time varying photon absorption, (d) temporal and spatial primary radical generation...

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Photopolymerizable nanocomposite photonic materials and their holographic applications in light and neutron optics

Tomita

Hata

Momose

et al. 2016

Journal of Modern Optics

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We present an overview of recent investigations of photopolymerizable nanocomposite photonic materials in which, thanks to their high degree of material selectivity, recorded volume gratings possess high refractive index modulation amplitude and high mechanical/thermal stability at the same time, providing versatile applications in light and neutron optics. We discuss the mechanism of grating formation in holographically exposed nanocomposite materials, based on a model of the photopolymerization-driven mutual diffusion of monomer and nanoparticles. Experimental inspection of the recorded grating’s morphology by various physicochemical and optical methods is described. We then outline the holographic recording properties of volume gratings recorded in photopolymerizable nanocomposite materials consisting of inorganic/organic nanoparticles and monomers having various photopolymerization mechanisms. Finally, we show two examples of our holographic applications, holographic digital data storage and slow-neutron beam control.

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<title>Photoformers: materials for holographic recording</title>

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Generalized model of holographic recording in photopolymer materials

Generalized model of holographic recording in photopolymer materials

Recent developments in the NPDD model

Photopolymerizable nanocomposite photonic materials and their holographic applications in light and neutron optics

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