&lt;title&gt;Optical limiting with C&lt;formula&gt;&lt;inf&gt;&lt;roman&gt;60&lt;/roman&gt;&lt;/inf&gt;&lt;/formula&gt; solutions&lt;/title&gt;

Kost, Alan; Jensen, J. Eric; Klein, Martin; McCahon, S. W.; Haeri, M. B.; Ehritz, Michael E.

doi:10.1117/12.179574

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The phenomenon of saturable absorption has been reported for Pc's,27 porphyrins,29,42 charge‐transfer complexes,43 cluster compounds,44 fullerenes,33,45 and carbon nanotubes46 (among others47), with the goal of the development of OL devices for the protection of sensors and eyes from energetic light pulses 48. Comparative Im[χ (3) ] values for different classes of materials are listed in Table 1 49…”

Section: Materials For Optical Limitingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugated Macrocycles as Active Materials in Nonlinear Optical Processes: Optical Limiting Effect with Phthalocyanines and Related Compounds

Hanack

Dini

Barthel

et al. 2002

The Chemical Record

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An overview of the optical limiting (OL) processes in phthalocyanines and related compounds is presented, particularly a description of the synthesis and relevant optical properties of a series of axially substituted indium(III), titanium(IV), phthalo- and naphthalocyanines, and octaarylporphyrazines. Several techniques, such as transient absorption, Z-scan, and degenerate four-wave mixing, were used to assess the optical properties and OL performance of the investigated compounds. The versatility of the methods of organic synthesis leads to the achievement of effective systems in terms of OL performance through the appropriate combination and modulation of several structural components. The chemistry of the macrocycles here considered allows the variation of the different chemical features, such as the degree of electronic conjugation of the macrocycle and the nature of the ring substituents, the central atom, and the ligands attached to the central atom.

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Section: Materials For Optical Limitingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugated Macrocycles as Active Materials in Nonlinear Optical Processes: Optical Limiting Effect with Phthalocyanines and Related Compounds

Hanack

Dini

Barthel

et al. 2002

The Chemical Record

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“…A variety of organic and organometallic materials have been found to fulfill these conditions. Materials known to possess a positive nonlinear absorption in the visible include phthalocyanines, ,− porphyrins, ,− organometallic cluster compounds, − and other materials. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Materials known to possess a positive nonlinear absorption in the visible include phthalocyanines, 1,[8][9][10][11][12] porphyrins, 7,[13][14][15] organometallic cluster compounds, [16][17][18][19][20][21] and other materials. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] The condition that σ ex is greater than σ 0 is necessary but it is not sufficient for a useful optical limiter material. A practical optical limiter must operate over the wide range of incident intensities that might be encountered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Axial Substitution on the Optical Limiting Properties of Indium Phthalocyanines

et al. 2000

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Nonlinear absorption, refraction, and optical limiting by a series of monoaxially chloro- and aryl-substituted indium(III) phthalocyanines are described. The absorption cross sections and temporal evolution of the low-lying excited states are also reported. A large nonlinear absorption that increased with wavelength between 500 and 590 nm was observed in each material. The nanosecond nonlinear absorption and the optical limiting are shown to be dominated by a strong excited state absorption from an orientationally averaged triplet state. We derive and experimentally confirm the relation between the molecular absorption cross sections and the fluence-dependent nonlinear absorption coefficients. The effective nonlinear refraction on the nanosecond time scale was reduced because the electronic contribution to the nonlinear refractive index was of the opposite sign from the thermal contribution. An optical limiter using the new material, p-(trifluoromethyl)phenylindium(III) tetra-tert-butylphthalocyanine [(t-Bu)4PcIn(p-TMP)], showed a much lower threshold for optical limiting and a much lower transmission at high fluences than previously reported indium phthalocyanine limiters. This improved optical limiting was due both to the larger nonlinear absorption coefficient and to the design of the limiter device. The optical properties of the In phthalocyanine moiety were found to be surprisingly robust to structural changes in the axial position.

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“…To interpret the optical limiting effect basically over the visible spectral range, the following mechanisms have been usually used: the reverse saturable absorption (RSA) from the molecule vibrational levels [11][12][13][14][15], the two-photon absorption (TPA) [11,16,17], the free carrier absorption [11], the Förster mechanism [18][19][20], scattering [21,22], the thermal effect of a laser pulse [23,24], the change of the light induced refractive index [25,26], the intermolecular charge transfer complex formation [27,28], etc. [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peculiarity of the Optical Limiting Effect in the Organics Doped With the Fullerenes and With the Relative Nanoparticles

Каманина¹

2017

RadJ

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Abstract. Due to important features of the organic -conjugated nano-objects-doped systems, main properties of which can compete with the basic inorganic bulk material parameters, the study of the organics is dominant. As the effective nano-objects and the intermolecular sensitizers, the following nanoparticles, such as fullerenes, nanotubes, quantum dots, reduced graphene oxide, shungites, etc. have been considered. So many applications of the organic materials doped with nanoparticles have been proposed. Among them, the optical limiting effect occupies a unique place because this process permits, on the one side, to extend the knowledge about the photorefractive features of innovative materials and, from the other side, it is predicted to develop new devices to protect human eyes and technical equipment from high energy density of the laser beam. In the current short review paper, the optical limiting effect will be considered based on the results obtained by some scientific and engineering teams. The data will be shown at the different experimental conditions: the content of the nano-sensitizers can be changed, the range of the wave lengths can be extended, and the level of the attenuation of the laser beam can be varied. It should be mentioned that the experimental wave length can be as the following: 532, 805, 1047, 1064, 1315, 1500, 2940 nm. The materials and optical element based on the structured organics will be shown under the application of the traditional optical limiting scheme and using the four-wave mixing technique to indicate energy losses via diffraction under the Raman-Nath diffraction conditions as one of the optical limiting mechanisms. The level of the attenuation of the laser beam will be shown for the organics based on polyimides, 2-cycloactyl-amine-5-nitropyridine, 2-(n-prolinol)-5-nitropyridine, liquid crystals and other materials. Some ways to form organic photonic crystals will be discussed.

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<title>Optical limiting with C<formula><inf><roman>60</roman></inf></formula> solutions</title>

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Conjugated Macrocycles as Active Materials in Nonlinear Optical Processes: Optical Limiting Effect with Phthalocyanines and Related Compounds

Conjugated Macrocycles as Active Materials in Nonlinear Optical Processes: Optical Limiting Effect with Phthalocyanines and Related Compounds

Effect of Axial Substitution on the Optical Limiting Properties of Indium Phthalocyanines

Peculiarity of the Optical Limiting Effect in the Organics Doped With the Fullerenes and With the Relative Nanoparticles

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