&lt;title&gt;Medium energy x-ray examination of commercial trucks&lt;/title&gt;

Swift, Roderick D.; Lindquist, Roy P.

doi:10.1117/12.189174

Cited by 5 publications

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“…b 2. PHOTON SOURCES Photon sources currently used for non-intrusive container inspection are radioisotope sources such as 137Cs (662 keV gamma energy) [l] and 6oCo (1.17 and 1.33 MeV), x-ray tubes operating at medium (420 kV) energies [2], or electron linear accelerators (e-linacs) using high (2 to 9 MV) accelerating potentials [3]. Photon sources from x-ray tubes or e-linacs produce a broad spectrum of photon energies, which makes deconvoluting the effects of photon scattering in large or dense objects extremely difficult.…”

Section: M O D U C T I O Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contraband detection using high-energy gamma rays from {sup 16}O*

Micklich¹,

Fink²,

Sagalovsky³

et al. 1996

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High-energy monoenergetic gamma rays (6.13 and 7.12 MeV) from the decay of excited states of the l 6 0 * nucleus are highly penetrating and thus offer potential for non-intrusive inspection of loaded containers for narcotics, explosives, and other contraband items. These excited states can be produced by irradiation of water with 14-MeV neutrons fiom a DT neutron generator or through the 19F(p,a)'60* reaction. Resonances in '%(p,a)'60* at proton energies between 340 keV and 2 MeV allow use of a low-energy accelerator to provide a compact, portable gamma source of reasonable intensity. The present work provides estimates of gamma source parameters and suggests how various types of contraband could be detected. Gamma rays can be used to perform transmission or emission radiography of containers or other objects. Through the use of (y, n) and (y, fission) reactions, this technique is also capable of detecting special nuclear materials such as deuterium, lithium, beryllium, uranium, and plutonium. Analytic and Monte Carlo techniques are used to model empty and loaded container inspection for acceleratorproduced gamma, radioisotope, and x-ray sources.Key Words: non-intrusive inspection, gamma rays, accelerators, contraband, nuclear materials DmIm of: msare the Photons are widely used to perform non-intrusive interrogation of sealed containers. examination of luggage and cargo containers for explosives or illicit substances (narcotics, .weapons, etc.); radiographic examination of waste drums, structural components, etc.; and the detection of fissile materials and other heavy metallic objects. The qualities desired for the interrogating radiation are contrast (to be able to detect small anomalies) and penetration (to be able to see ,inside thick containers). A third desired quality, resolution, is primarily a function of the detectors used and the interrogation geometry. This paper discusses several photon sources currently used or proposed for non-intrusive inspection, including radioisotope sources (137Cs and "Co), xray tubes (420 kv), electron linear accelerators (2.2 PUN and 9 MV), and 6. I3-MeV gamma rays from acceleratorproduced l60*. Analytic and Monte Carlo models are used to compare these candidate sources. b 2. PHOTON SOURCES Photon sources currently used for non-intrusive container inspection are radioisotope sources such as 137Cs (662 keV gamma energy) [l] and 6oCo (1.17 and 1.33 MeV), x-ray tubes operating at medium (420 kV) energies [2], or electron linear accelerators (e-linacs) using high (2 to 9 MV) accelerating potentials [3]. Photon sources from x-ray tubes or e-linacs produce a broad spectrum of photon energies, which makes deconvoluting the effects of photon scattering in large or dense objects extremely difficult. In addition, much of their intensity is in the low-energy portion of the spectrum, which usually adds to the dose delivered while contributing little useful information since it has low penetrability. Radioisotope sources can be used to obtain monoenergetic photons, but these a...

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Section: M O D U C T I O Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contraband detection using high-energy gamma rays from {sup 16}O*

Micklich¹,

Fink²,

Sagalovsky³

et al. 1996

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Relocatable cargo x-ray inspection systems utilizing compact linacs

Sapp¹,

Mishin²,

Adams³

et al. 2001

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Solid-state detector design for mobile cargo container inspection system using medium energy X-ray

Kwak

Kim

Cho

et al.

2002 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record

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X-ray inspection system in these days has been used for the detection of illegal drugs, agricultural product and other contraband in custom application, and for the detection of weapons and explosives in security application. This paper presents how to design and realize mobile cargo container inspection system using medium energy, 450kVp X-ray, which is appropriate for Korean circumstance. Particularly, X-ray detector design is treated relatively in detail, since there are few papers on X-ray detector design for rapid and nonintrusive container inspection system. The spatial and contrast resolution of mobile cargo container inspection system developed in this paper are 2.0mm and 4%, respectively. The design method suggested in this paper may be applied to X-ray inspection system using higher energy.

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<title>Medium energy x-ray examination of commercial trucks</title>

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Contraband detection using high-energy gamma rays from {sup 16}O*

Contraband detection using high-energy gamma rays from {sup 16}O*

Relocatable cargo x-ray inspection systems utilizing compact linacs

Solid-state detector design for mobile cargo container inspection system using medium energy X-ray

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