“…Some algorithms attempt to reduce the number of searching positions in block matching, e.g., three-step search [9], new three-step search [10], four-step search [11], diamond search [12], [13], cross-diamond search [14], kite cross-diamond search [15], and others. Some others seek to reduce the number of pixels used in the matching distortion calculations, e.g., partial distortion search (PDS) [16], alternative sub-sampling search algorithm [17], normalized PDS [18], adjustable PDS [19], dynamic search window adjustment [20], and others. There are also some hybrid methods combining multiple techniques, e.g., motion vector field adaptive search technique (MVFAST) [21], predictive MVFAST [22], UMHS [4], [5], and EPZS [1], [6].…”