<title>Human factors and safety considerations of night-vision systems flight using thermal imaging systems</title>

Visual Issues Survey of AH-64 Apache Aviators (Year 2000)

“…The decision to provide right-eye-only capability was based on the need to constrain head-supported weight (Rash, Verona and Crowley, 1990). Beginning with the early design phases of the IHADSS, there has been concern over potential problems relating to aviators who were not right-eye dominant.…”

The Effect of a Monocular Helmet-Mounted Display on Aircrew Health: A Cohort Study of Apache AH Mk1 Pilits Two-Year Baseline Review

“…While the other binocular alignment problems are not present, perceptual issues relating to conflicting left-and right-eye images can cause eye fatigue. The major of these issues is binocular rivalry (Rash, Verona and Crowley, 1990). The response to one eye viewing the monochromatic green video image and the other eye viewing a dark cockpit and the outside world can be suppression of the eye viewing the dimmer cockpit and outside world.…”

Binocular Rivalry and Head-Worn Displays

“…Also, Rash et al (1990) stated it is likely that sighting dominance interacts with binocular rivalry to affect a pilot's ability to attend to one or the other eye. Thus, it remains to be determined whether operators could be screened on the basis of their sighting dominance and then selected for different types of HWDs.…”

“…About 70% of pilots noted that vision occasionally and unintentionally alternated between their left and right eye either during or after flight. Moreover, Rash, Verona, and Crowley (1990) stated that aviators using the IHADSS reported difficulty making the necessary attention switches between the eyes. An additional problem with HWDs is simulator sickness, which can be caused by a number of factors, such as vestibular-visual cue conflict (Draper, Viirre, Furness, & Gawron, 2001;Draper, Viirre, Furness, & Parker, 1997;Ehrlich, 1997).…”

“…For example, questionnaires and general feedback from pilots and other users are probably most often used to evaluate potential effects of rivalry with the use of HWDs in aviation (e.g., Behar, et al, 1990;Rash et al, 1990). Another frequently used technique is rating or tracking target stimuli visibility.…”