&lt;title&gt;High-performance low-cost fabrication method for integrated polymer optical devices&lt;/title&gt;

Roesch, Oliver S.; Bernhard, Winfried; Mueller-Fiedler, Roland; Dannberg, Peter; Braeuer, Andreas H.; Buestrich, R.; Popall, Michael

doi:10.1117/12.363902

Cited by 31 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Fabrication of thermo-optic waveguide devices exhibiting high values of dn/dT using this HYBRIMER material has been demonstrated. 9 In a previous study, 10 we reported on a novel and straightforward technique for measuring dn /dT for HYBRIMER films using a prism coupler equipped with a hot stage. It was found that the dn/dT values of the films were negative and as high as the order −10 −4 , comparable to those of a polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of organic modifiers on the thermo-optic characteristics of inorganic–organic hybrid material films

2003

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The thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) of inorganic-organic hybrid material films prepared by the sol-gel process of organoalkylsilanes is measured using a prism coupler equipped with a hot stage. The effect of the organic modifier on the variation of dn/dT in inorganic-organic hybrid material films has been investigated. The value of dn/dT becomes more negative with increasing molecular weight of the organic modifier or with an increase in the proportion of modifier in the sample. On the other hand, dn/dT increases with an increase in the degree of organic photopolymerization. From these results, it can be seen that the value of dn/dT in these films can be varied between −0.83 × 10 −4 /°C to −2.43 × 10 −4 /°C by changing the organic modifier concentration and type.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of organic modifiers on the thermo-optic characteristics of inorganic–organic hybrid material films

2003

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“…2). Substantial experimental investigations prove that ORMOCER  s are qualified for the fabrication of complex waveguide structures 19,20 . For the purpose of fabrication, the resin is mixed with a commercially available UV initiator.…”

Section: Materials Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Realization of a vertical integration scheme for polymer waveguides by a novel stacking technology</title>

Streppel

Dannberg

Waechter

et al. 2001

Design, Manufacturing, and Testing of Planar Optical Waveguide Devices

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The rapid growth of communication continuously demands an increasing number of data transport channels. We present an approach towards a substantial growth of channel numbers within the integrated optical waveguide chip. This is accomplished by introducing a vertical integration scheme, which is implemented with stacked polymer waveguides. To meet the requirements of stacked optical waveguide devices concerning index distributions, cross-sections and alignment precision, a novel fabrication technology has been developed. During the stacking process several fundamental problems, e.g., index inhomogenities caused by diffusion effects and distortion of the desired waveguide structures with increasing stack height, have to be avoided. In addition, the non-linear index change of the polymer materials during polymerization has to be carefully considered to come to well defined index distributions, which are the same in all layers. A solution meeting these requirements is presented using standard processes like UV patterning in combination with thermal curing steps.

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“…A number of researchers and companies worldwide have been active in pursuing the investigation and development of polymer-based switches. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Recent improvements in the performance of the polymers used in the construction of such switches 14 has now led to a significant further advance in the performance of polymer-based thermo-optic switches, as is described herein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

High performance thermo-optic switches based on low-loss acrylate polymers

et al. 2003

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We design and fabricate digital thermo-optic switches using low-loss photocuring fluoroacrylate polymers. We use both modeling and experimental design-rule studies to elucidate the contributions to loss and cross talk of the various important building blocks that comprise a Y-branch digital optical switch (YDOS). We present the results of these studies as well as the achieved performance for 1ϫ2, 2ϫ2, and 4ϫ4 switches fabricated with these designs. Average fiber-to-fiber chip-level insertion loss (IL) values for the three designs are 1.1, 1.5, and 2.8 dB, respectively, for 1550-nm illumination. Switching times in every case are below 3 ms. Polarization-dependent loss is less than 0.1 dB at 1550 nm. Fully packaged permanently pigtailed versions of the 2ϫ2 and 4ϫ4 switches are also constructed. For these packaged devices, average insertion losses of 2.0 and 3.3 dB are achieved, and cross talk is maintained at a value less than Ϫ45 dB. Recent advances in materials performance have now allowed the insertion loss performance to be further improved, with chip-level IL being reduced to 1.0 and 2.2 dB for 2ϫ2 and 4ϫ4 switches, respectively.

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<title>High-performance low-cost fabrication method for integrated polymer optical devices</title>

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of organic modifiers on the thermo-optic characteristics of inorganic–organic hybrid material films

Effect of organic modifiers on the thermo-optic characteristics of inorganic–organic hybrid material films

<title>Realization of a vertical integration scheme for polymer waveguides by a novel stacking technology</title>

High performance thermo-optic switches based on low-loss acrylate polymers

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