“…Nwosu et al [4] presented the stress distribution of an unstiffened tubular T-joint. Lie et al [5] conducted experiments for T-tubular joints subjected to complex loading of axial load, IPB, OPB, and compared the experimental stress distribution with finite element analysis results. Fung et al [6], Soh et al [7], Liu et al [8] investigated the behavior of completely overlapping joints under tension, compression and cyclic quasi-static loading both experimentally and numerically.…”