&lt;title&gt;Contamination measurements during development and testing of the SPIRIT III cryogenic infrared telescope&lt;/title&gt;

Dyer, James S.; Mikesell, Russell S.; Perry, Radford L.; Mikesell, Tracy; Guregian, James J.

doi:10.1117/12.190146

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The level of scattered radiation is an extremely sensitive function of particulate contamination levels on the cryogenic primary mirror. 15 Because signi cant particle generation was expected and observed with all mechanical cover openings on MSX, we planned to open the SPIRIT III cover after all other sys- tems had been operatedin orbit. This delay also permitted molecular outgassing to decay to lower levels.…”

Section: Spirit III Cover Ejectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis of the frequency change during the CQCM TGA warming cycle provides a measure of mass fraction removed as a function of temperature. Essentially all of the deposition evaporated between 26 and 34 K, with the peak rate at 31 K. Based on controlled laboratory experiments 14 and ground testing, 15 we identi ed the deposited material as mainly molecular oxygen, O 2 , arising from the redistribution of atmospheric oxygen condensed during prelaunch cryogenic cooling.…”

Section: Cryogenic Film Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Local Environment Surrounding the Midcourse Space Experiment Satellite During Its First Week

Green¹,

Galica²,

Mulhall³

et al. 1998

Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets

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The environment measured surrounding the complex Midcourse Space Experiment spacecraft during its rst week on orbit is reported. A suite of instruments including a pressure sensor, a neutral and an ion mass spectrometer, quartz crystal microbalances, and ashlamp-based water and particle detectors were activated within hours after launch. These instruments measured the gaseous composition, particulate, and lm accretion temporal histories. Spacecraft environment cleanliness and response to operational activities were used to guide decisions about sensor operation. As a result of careful material selection and ground preparation procedures, the measured levels of condensible species were suf ciently low to permit safe sensor operation after only a few days in orbit.

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Section: Spirit III Cover Ejectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cryogenic Film Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Environment Surrounding the Midcourse Space Experiment Satellite During Its First Week

Green¹,

Galica²,

Mulhall³

et al. 1998

Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets

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“…16 This capability proved invaluable during SPIRIT III testing, both prior to and following its integration onto the spacecraft.…”

Section: Cleaning and Inspectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>MSX spacecraft contamination control methodology and results</title>

Hall

Cranmer

Sanders³

et al. 1998

SPIE Proceedings

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“…A 72-A layer of material, deposited on the CQCM in was not a significant source of stray light in the SPIRIT III sensor, the 1-min interval following the cover release, was subsequently The range of BRDF values measured for the SPIRIT III primary identified as argon by thermogravimetric analysis, a procedure that mirror during the prelaunch period from 1991 to the April 1994 is monitors the depletion rate of material mass on the CQCM surface reviewed and discussed in Ref. 15. The preflight BRDF measureas its temperature is slowly increased to specify the evaporation ments of the assembled instrument were made with a portable BRDF temperature, the species, and the approximate film thickness.…”

Section: Msx Prelaunch Brdf Data Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Midcourse Space Experiment: Off-Axis Rejection Performance of the Infrared Sensor

O'Neil

Gibson

Richards

2006

Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets

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The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average I hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT SPONSORINGIMONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)AFRL/VSBYB SPONSORIMONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for Public Release; distribution unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTESReprinted The Spatial Infrared Imaging Telescope III (SPIRIT III) sensor on the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) satellite observed stray radiation from the lower atmosphere and terrestrial surface, nonrejected Earth radiance, at angles of approximately 2 to 14 deg from the optical axis in measurements of Earth limb radiance. Analysis indicates that direct scatter of terrestrial radiance from contaminants on the telescope primary mirror is the principal source of stray radiation and the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of the primary mirror for the 6.8-10.8-jim radiometer band is (1.11 ± 0.22) x 10-2 per sr at 1 deg off axis with an angular dependence of0-1" 71 ± 0.07.Similarly, the BRDF values for the three other LWIR radiometer bands (11.1-13.2, 13.5-15.9, and 18.2-25.1 Jim) have been determined as (1.03 ± 0.05) x 10-20-1.66 ±-0.10, (2.21 ± 0.18) x 10-20-2.04 ± 0.21, and (2.59 ± 0.02) X 10-2 o-2.10 1 0.09 sr-1 , respectively. The BRDF values derived from the on-orbit data are significantly greater than prelaunch measurements, and the increase is attributed to particulate accumulation on the primary mirror during the prelaunch period, launch, and the on-orbit telescope aperture cover removal and ejection process.

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<title>Contamination measurements during development and testing of the SPIRIT III cryogenic infrared telescope</title>

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Local Environment Surrounding the Midcourse Space Experiment Satellite During Its First Week

Local Environment Surrounding the Midcourse Space Experiment Satellite During Its First Week

<title>MSX spacecraft contamination control methodology and results</title>

Midcourse Space Experiment: Off-Axis Rejection Performance of the Infrared Sensor

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