&lt;title&gt;Biosensor, ELISA, and frog embryo teratogenesis assay: Xenopus (FETAX) analysis of water associated with frog malformations in Minnesota&lt;/title&gt;

Garber, Eric A. E.; Erb, Judith L.; Downward, James G.; Priuska, Eric M.; Wittliff, James L.; Feng, Wenke; Magner, Joe; Larsen, G. L.

doi:10.1117/12.418737

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(35 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Some species became rigid and trembled with the extension of the hind limbs and flexion of the forelimbs and redness was observed on the ventral side. This result was similar to that of Garber et al (2001) who reported that acute lethargy resulted in frog moribundity from chytridiomycosis (Grogan et al., 2018). Intensive hyperaemia of the ventrum, legs and feet was also observed in infected green tree frogs ( Litoria caerulea ) (Voyles et al., 2009).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pathological and mortality findings associated withAeromonas hydrophilafrom frog eggs in Al‐Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Amphibians decline globally due to infection with virulent bacteria, despite their vital roles in the ecosystem. The current study aimed at addressing the pathological and bacterial findings of the infected Pelophylax ridibundus indigenous to the Al‐Ahsa region. Many clinical signs were observed in the eggs, including discoloration, disintegration of the outer jelly coat; defects in morphology, and mortality were reported. Furthermore, neuromasts lacking apical cilia and microvilli were observed in the cleavage stages of the infected developing egg. Additionally, cutaneous hyperaemia, lethargy, peripheral oedema, subcutaneous haemorrhage and cutaneous ulcerations were observed in the infected P. ridibundus adults. Methods Ribbons of frog eggs were collected from Al‐Ahsa oasis, the Eastern region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), and examined under light and scanning electron microscope. The developed eggs and adults were further examined using a dissecting microscope to determine signs of infection. A bacterial strain designated as PRE‐1 was isolated from the infected eggs, identified genotypically and then characterized phenotypically. Strain PRE‐1 was identified as Aeromonas hydrophila based on the comparative gene sequences of the 16S rRNA gene at identity level of (99.92%). Furthermore, phylogenetic relationship based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences of our strain and other relevant strains Aeromonas spp. showed that PRE‐1 formed a cluster with A. hydrophila (99% bootstrap support), providing a robustness to the identification of PRE‐1 as A. hydrophila. This bacterium was found to be associated with disease outbursts in the marsh frogs from the Al‐Ahsa region. Conclusion It is important to continue monitoring the emerging diseases so that their cause can be discerned, and appropriate protocols can be applied to limit the spread of the loss of amphibians, which are vital for our ecosystem.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The clinical signs reported for adult frogs coincided with those reported for Xenopus spp. (Garber et al, 2001) and Rana spp. (Allendar 2019) with microbial infections (Bates et al., 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological and mortality findings associated withAeromonas hydrophilafrom frog eggs in Al‐Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride and nitrate were determined by titration as described previously. 14 …”

Section: Mineral Analysesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Mineral deficiency and the use of the FETAX bioassay to study environmental teratogens

Garber

2002

J of Applied Toxicology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay: Xenopus (FETAX) bioassay has been employed extensively to screen compounds for teratogenic activity. Recent laboratory studies have indicated that low potassium concentrations retard Xenopus laevis development. The effects of varying concentrations of minerals on Xenopus laevis embryo length and development were examined to determine the utility of the FETAX bioassay in the study of environmental teratogens. Water samples collected from 18 wetlands in Minnesota and North Dakota correlated with low mineral levels, causing delayed embryonic development in the FETAX bioassay. When the concentration of sodium or potassium was <5 ppm, Xenopus laevis development was delayed. As a result, it was difficult to assess teratogenic activity after 96 h of incubation. Furthermore, the length of the embryos-an indication of development-paralleled changes in mineral composition. Comparisons between different wetlands based on changes in one specific mineral were not possible due to a synergism between various minerals. If the concentration of sodium and/or potassium was <5 ppm but > or =2 ppm, extension of the FETAX bioassay to 120 h allowed organogenesis to proceed through stage 46, as required for scoring in accordance with ASTM guidelines for the FETAX bioassay. In those cases in which the concentration of sodium and/or potassium were <2 ppm, the embryos could not develop to stage 46 within 120 h and the FETAX bioassay was not suitable for detecting teratogenic activity. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

show abstract

<title>Biosensor, ELISA, and frog embryo teratogenesis assay: Xenopus (FETAX) analysis of water associated with frog malformations in Minnesota</title>

Cited by 2 publications

References 32 publications

Pathological and mortality findings associated withAeromonas hydrophilafrom frog eggs in Al‐Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia

Pathological and mortality findings associated withAeromonas hydrophilafrom frog eggs in Al‐Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia

Mineral deficiency and the use of the FETAX bioassay to study environmental teratogens

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About