<title>Astronomical Applications Of Charge Injection Devices</title>

Abstract

During the past year several types of silicon self-scanning arrays have become available.

Optical sensors (optodes) for multiparameter chemical imaging: classification, challenges, and prospects

“…35,36 The scientific applications of CCDs were first demonstrated in astronomy research in 1976. 37 However, a chemical application was first demonstrated by the CCDs' utility in a spectroscopic measurement; Ratzlaff and Paul employed a linear CCD for molecular absorption in 1979. 38 They showed that the CCD-produced signals are linear with both intensity and integration time in the visible region.…”

Evaluation of a 32 × 32 InSb CID array

“…The evaluation was carried out under low background and low temperature conditions, keeping in mind the ultimate goal of astronomical use. 2. Description of the CID array.…”

“…By use of the row and column scanners, one can select a pixel and by applying appropriate voltages to the lines, one can either transfer the charges back and forth between the two plates of that pixel or collapse the potential well, thus injecting the charges into the substrate and creating on the plates a voltage change that can be sensed by a preamplifier. The reader interested in a more detailed explanation is referred to [1] and [2].…”

“…One classical advantage of CID is the Multiple Non Destructive Read Out (MNDRO) mode which allows to improve the read out S/N ratio as the square root of the number of read cycles [2]. This is not available with the InSb CID, mainly because its transfer efficiency is not as good as that of silicon CID.…”