&lt;title&gt;An Underwater Transmissometer For Ocean Survey Work&lt;/title&gt;

Petzold, T. J.; Austin, R. W.

doi:10.1117/12.946741

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Ideally, these visibility measurements would have been supported with instrumental measurements using a beam transmissometer of the type designed for clear ocean waters (Petzold & Austin 1968) but a suitable sensor was not available at the time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically pure waters in Waikoropupu ('Pupu') Springs, Nelson, New Zealand

Davies‐Colley

Smith

1995

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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We have made in situ observations of the optical properties of Waikoropupu ("Pupu") Springs, Nelson, New Zealand. Visual clarity was measured in the horizontal direction over a sight path "folded" using a plane mirror so as to accommodate the sighting range within the 35 m wide main springs basin. An average black-body visibility of 63 m was obtained, the highest yet reported for any fresh water, and close to the theoretical maximum for optically pure water. Measurements with a beam transmissometer were consistent with the visibility observations. As well as ranking among the very clearest waters in the world, these spring waters are virtually indistinguishable from pure water as regards their spectral irradiance attenuation in the ultraviolet and beam attenuation in the green region of the spectrum, undetectably low content of yellowcoloured organic material, and remarkable blueviolet colour.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically pure waters in Waikoropupu ('Pupu') Springs, Nelson, New Zealand

Davies‐Colley

Smith

1995

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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“…J.T.Petzold is one of the pioneers in physical verification of UWOC. In 1968, he developed an underwater transmissometer for ocean survey work using a cylindrically limited beam [52]. In 1972, when one of his great far-reaching work in UWOC was published [53], in which volume scattering functions for three general types of natural ocean waters have been obtained and are presented here.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

LED-Based Underwater Wireless Optical Communication for Small Mobile Platforms: Experimental Channel Study in Highly-Turbid Lake Water

Wei

Zhang

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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Underwater collaborative work between small mobile platforms (SMP) such as divers, litter submarine or AUV, requires a high data rate communication system which is compact, reliable, affordable and eye-safe. The high bandwidth of LED-based underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) is an advantage. Artificial, emulated as well as simulated, turbid underwater channel has been studied recently, but no practical nature water. To fully meet the requirements of challenging turbid underwater channel scenarios for SMP, we demonstrated a green LED-based UWOC system up to a bandwidth of 3.4 MHz in a highlyturbid nature lake water. Through a contrast wireless optical communication (WOC) experiment in air, turbid water channel is observed to compensates the receiving signal amplitude attenuates after propagating a longer attenuation length due to multiple-scattered light caused diffusion, and thus to be more like a singleinput multi-output (SIMO) system. From our experimental observation, the SIMO channel model could be employed not only in turbulent UWOC, but also in highly turbid UWOC. Moreover, turbid water channel is observed a ''frequency selection'' effect, thus LED with lower threshold voltage at higher frequency would optimize bandwidth and link range, and a robust pre-code for interference cancellation would be a well-direct choice to constructing different UWOC system in highly turbid water for SMP. Our finding will provide a new reference complementing the current LED-based UWOC systems in realistic water environment.INDEX TERMS Underwater wireless optical communication, channel, turbid water, LED, wireless optical communication, single-input multi-output, visible light communication, small mobile platform. I. INTRODUCTIONUnderwater collaborative work between underwater small mobile platforms (SMP) such as divers, litter submarines or AUV, requires real-time and high data rate link for voice, data or video communication. AUV needs high-speed transmitting link to efficiently collect large amounts of data stored by underwater sensors [1]. Due to the small load capacity and limited power supply, SMP require these high data rate communication system to be compact, simple, reliable and affordable. It is often impractical to make a optical fiber connection between these underwater SMP, the high bandwidth of UWOC is an advantage.The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Qunbi Zhuge .

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“…In m.idwinter Lake Tahoe is unstratified, and tha beam transmittance (Petzold and Austin 1968) and temperature are nearly constant fojr the upper 100 m (Fig. 4).…”

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confidence: 95%

Untitled

1973

Limnology & Oceanography

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Spectral irradiance has been measured as a function of depth in Crater Lake, Oregon, and Lake Tahoe, California. In Lake Tahoe, Secchi disk observations and submarine photometer measurements have been recorded year round since July 1967. Also, in Lake Tahoe, beam transmittance has been measured as a function of depth. From these data the radiant energy input and certain optical properties of the two lakes are presented. Since color is a principal esthetic feature of these lakes, a complete color analysis is also presented. This information provides an objective standard with which to compare possible future changes in the optical properties and in the esthetic appearance of Crater Lake and Lake Tahoe. The method can be applied generally to quantify the optical deterioration of any aquatic habitat and can detect such deterioration before it is noticeable by casual visual observation.

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<title>An Underwater Transmissometer For Ocean Survey Work</title>

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Optically pure waters in Waikoropupu ('Pupu') Springs, Nelson, New Zealand

Optically pure waters in Waikoropupu ('Pupu') Springs, Nelson, New Zealand

LED-Based Underwater Wireless Optical Communication for Small Mobile Platforms: Experimental Channel Study in Highly-Turbid Lake Water

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