A model
was designed for effective utilization of textile effluent
as the nutrient medium for the production of high-value products from Chlorella variabilis through a greener approach.
Biomass productivity of 74.96 ± 2.62 g/(m2/d) with
lipid yield of 20.1 ± 2.2% (wrt dry biomass) was obtained using
textile effluent as the nutrient source. A novel integrated process
is developed based on detergent (sodium dodecyl sulfate) hydrolysis
to convert the carbohydrates present in microalgal biomass to reducing
sugars for microbial fermentation, while making available lipids for
downstream processing of γ-linolenic acid, leaving the protein
rich fragment behind. Our experimental data showed that from 495 g
of microalgal biomass, 109.4 g total lipids was extracted containing
34.65 g γ-linolenic acid, and 1.3 g pure ε-polylysine
from 36.68 g of reducing sugars. A two-step efficient green process
was developed for recovering ε-polylysine using ethylammonium
nitrate having 74% recovery. In addition to value-added products,
CSIR-CSMCRI’s Chlorella variabilis (ATCC PTA 12198) can remediate 100% of aluminum, 82.72% boron, 45.66%
calcium, 100% cobalt, 14.5% potassium, 0.1% magnesium, 42.18% sodium,
100% nickel, and 100% iron. A total decrease of 78.17% total phosphate
and 25.22% total inorganic phosphate with respect to total phosphate
present in the effluent was observed.