“…These quasigovernmental relationships thrived in the urban environment where resources were met with opportunities. Whether the focus is housing segregation (Taylor, 2019), mass incarceration (Alexander, 2010;Hinton, 2016), voter disenfranchisement (Blessett, 2015(Blessett, , 2019, or school privatization (Benson, 2019), the benefactors of policy decisions and taxpayer investment are private industry, while the burdens of these interactions rest squarely on the shoulders of Black residents in urban communities. Understanding these nuances by using a race-conscious approach offers insight into how disparity is reproduced through the implementation of a formulaic process that was iterated in cities across the country.…”