<p>Willingness-to-Pay and Benefit–Cost Analysis of IPL for Rosacea Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study in China</p>

Abstract

Background: Intense pulsed light (IPL), as a therapeutic approach for rosacea, had advantage in removing erythema and telangiectasia and was gradually accepted by rosacea patients, but there have been few studies on economic evaluation of this therapy. Purpose: This study aimed to detect willingness-to-pay (WTP) of IPL treatment for rosacea and to conduct a benefit-cost analysis (BCA) among the Chinese population, so as to provide an economic reference for doctors to make treatment decisions. Materials and Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study assessed respondent's demographic characteristics and willingness-to-pay (WTP) of IPL and rosacea patients' clinical data and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). WTP was obtained by contingent valuation (CV) method. In brief, contrast figures of three cases treated with IPL (Case1, Case2, and Case3 represented the increasing severity of rosacea) were showed and WTP was inquired. The costs were obtained according the market and compared with WTP (benefits) to get a benefit-cost ratio (BCR). Predictors of cost-effective WTP were identified using the multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 303 rosacea patients and 202 controls were included in the study. The average cost of a single IPL treatment for rosacea was USD 208.04 in Changsha, China. The mean WTP for Case 1, Case 2, and Case 3 was USD 201.57, 214.64, and 221.74, respectively. WTP was statistically lower for Case 1 than that for Case 2 or Case 3 (P<0.05). The BCRs were 0.85, 1.03, and 1.06 for Case 1, Case 2, and Case 3, respectively. WTP is significantly associated with household monthly income, previous treatment cost, and DLQI after adjustments for demographic characteristics (P<0.05). Conclusion: IPL is an acceptable treatment for rosacea with moderate to severe erythema. For patients with relatively high income or severely impaired quality of life, IPL is an economically feasible therapy and deserves to be recommended.

Quality of life measurement in rosacea. Position statement of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Task Forces on Quality of Life and Patient Oriented Outcomes and Acne, Rosacea and Hidradenitis Suppurativa

“…From the 207 articles identified in the literature search, 139 were excluded based on the exclusion criteria, leaving 68 publications 20–87 for the further analysis.…”

“…Another generic HRQoL instrument EuroQoL (EQ)‐5D 55,67 and its modifications EQ‐5D‐3L 76 and EQ‐5D‐visual analogue scale 77 were also used to assess quimp in rosacea. The dermatology‐specific Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was used for quimp assessment in 45 studies on rosacea 20–23,25,28–30,32,34,35,37,40–42,46,48–57,60,62–69,72–74,77,78,80,82,83,86,87 . Data on the DLQI scores from included articles is given in Figure 1.…”

“…Before (Italia) 87 Lockdown mask users. After (Italia) 87 Before treatment (Israel) 54 Online survey (International) 39 Survey (Germany) 63 Survey (Germany) 52 Before treatment (Germany) 50 Online survey (Germany) 49 Treatment group (Germany) 21 Placebo group (Germany) 21 Online survey (Denmark) 35 Outpatients (China) 74 Before treatment in study group (China) 69 Before treatment in control group (China) 69 Outpatients (China) 68 Rosacea patients with anxiety (China) 66 Rosacea patients with depression (China) 66 Rosacea patients without anxiety (China) 66 Rosacea patients without depression (China) 66 Online survey (China) 60 Outpatients and online survey (China) 53 Before treatment (China) 51 Before treatment (China) 20 Median DLQI…”

Demands for Community Services and Associated Factors among Residents in Smart Communities: A Case Study of Xuzhou City

“…In more detail, those with a higher monthly income have a higher demand for these community services, which encompass the improvement of living conditions and access to better medical care. One explanation for this phenomenon is that a higher monthly income may lead to residents’ higher requirements for their quality of life (including environmental quality and health quality) [ 93 , 94 , 95 ].…”

Combination of Specific Vascular Lasers and Vascular Intense Pulsed Light Improves Facial Telangiectasias and Redness

“…IPL delivers an intense, broad-spectrum pulse of light, generally in the spectral range of 400–1200 nm, although various filters may be used to reduce the wavelength spectrum and make the light more selective for a single target. It has been proposed in the management of various conditions, such as photoaging and rosacea [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”