<p>Transdermal permeability of triamcinolone acetonide lipid nanoparticles</p>

Abstract

Background: Triamcinolone acetonide (TAA) is an effective and the most commonly used corticosteroid hormone for the treatment of hypertrophic scars (HSs). However, the clinically used dosage has poor tissue permeability and injection safety. By contrast, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have the advantage of high affinity for the skin. Materials and methods: This article describes the preparation of TAA-LNPs using poly(lacticco-glycolic acid) as a carrier material, which have good biocompatibility and biodegradability. Based on a systematic investigation of its physicochemical properties, a rabbit ear HSs model was established to evaluate the percutaneous permeability of TAA-LNPs in scar tissue in vitro as well as to assess its curative effect and skin irritation. Results: The results showed that the TAA-LNPs formed uniform and round particles under fluoroscopy and had a complex structure in which a nanoparticle core was surrounded by multiple vesicles. The particles were 232.2±8.2 nm in size, and the complimentary potential was-42.16 mV. The encapsulation efficiency was 85.24%, which is greater than that of other common liposomes and nanoparticles. A test of in vitro scar tissue permeability showed that penetration into scar tissue was twofold and 40-fold higher for TAA-LNPs than for common liposome and commercial suspensions, respectively. The concentration of the absorbed drug effectively inhibited fibroblast proliferation, achieved a therapeutic effect in HSs, and did not stimulate intact or damaged skin. Conclusion: The preparation of TAA into LNPs for transdermal administration can enhance transdermal permeation performance and the safety of this drug, which is beneficial for the treatment of HSs.

Control of fibrosis and hypertrophic scar formation via glycolysis regulation with IR780

“…Firstly, IR780 cannot reduce ECM that has already been generated and deposited. Secondly, an abundant ECM will also prevent a drug from diffusing adequately into the lesion [ 26 ]. Therefore, the use of IR780 is more appropriate to control scarring immediately after the period of re-epithelialization.…”

Physical Enhancement? Nanocarrier? Current Progress in Transdermal Drug Delivery

“…Lipid nanoparticles have been used as an alternative TDDS for pharmaceutical drugs and cosmetic compounds since the early 1990s [ 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 ]. A solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) was prepared by the exchange of the liquid lipid oil of the emulsions by solid lipid, which remains at a solid-state at room temperature and body temperature [ 66 , 67 ].…”

“…The SLNs are useful for incorporating lipophilic, hydrophilic, and water-insoluble compounds owing to their structural characteristics. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are known as the second generation of lipid nanoparticles [ 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ]. A variety of amphiphilic molecules can be used to prepare NLC ranging from phospholipids to artificial surfactants.…”

“…In particular, microneedles have been actively investigated, and clinical trials of delivery of macromolecules such as insulin, parathyroid hormone, and influenza vaccines were currently performed. Recently, nanocarrier-based TDDS [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , …”

Microneedle Arrays Combined with Nanomedicine Approaches for Transdermal Delivery of Therapeutics

“…Nanoemulsions, either water-in-oil (W/O) or oil-in-water (O/W) can also enhance TDD due to their small droplet size and the constituent surfactants, which destabilize the SC lipid bilayer ( Figure 1 ) [ 5 ]. Lipid NPs, especially nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), can efficiently load insoluble drugs and thanks to their high adherence to the SC, they can facilitate the drug penetration into deeper layers of the skin [ 7 , 8 ]. Polymeric systems, such as a polymer–drug conjugate, nanospheres, dendrimers, polymeric micelles, polymeric vesicles and microcapsules can control the release and skin retention of therapeutic materials for a prolonged period ( Figure 1 ) [ 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”