<p>The Use of in situ Simulation in Healthcare Education: Current Perspectives</p>

Abstract

In situ simulation is the practice of using simulated scenarios in a clinical environment itself rather than in training facilities to promote learning and improved clinical care. The use of in situ simulation has been increasingly used to train healthcare staff in dealing with emergencies, resuscitation and clinical skills. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the themes, perspectives and approaches to in situ simulation for educational purposes with healthcare staff. The literature search included studies describing and evaluating in situ simulations with an educational component. We carried out a narrative synthesis and extracted data on the clinical setting, the simulation purpose, design, evaluation method and impact. In situ simulation has proved useful in a range of different specialties for skills improvement and team development. Simulation design ranges in terms of fidelity, duration and topic. No specific design has shown to be the most efficient. However, adopting a design that fits into the specific centers resources, educational needs and clinical demands is the most important consideration.

Registered Nurses’ Supervision of Nursing Students During Practical Skill Learning: A Qualitative Exploratory Study

“…We suggest that in situ simulation may enhance students' PVC learning and improve their success when performing the skill on patients, as the simulations take place during clinical placement, not just in simulation centres. In the clinical setting in situ implies an opportunity to simulate tasks and situations in the actual practise setting (Martin et al, 2020). Hospital staff who simulated a scenario involving cardiac arrest reported that the training was more realistic because it was performed in a clinical setting (Walker et al, 2013).…”

“…However, in situ simulation-based PVC practise on a latex arm immediately following a failed PVC attempt on a patient's arm could improve students' awareness and knowledge of the different aspects of the learning task, and they are given opportunities to receive supervision throughout the entire attempt of PVC. In situ simulation has been found to enhance clinical competence and improve patient safety, also in skill learning (Martin et al, 2020).…”

“…Many patients may feel anxious because they do not understand the verbal exchange occurring in the learning interaction (Marcus, 2014). The use of in situ simulation could, however, prevent these challenges in learning of PVC in the clinical setting, because the equipment provides students with learning opportunities without consequences of distressing the patient (Martin et al, 2020).…”

Evaluation of a clinical decision support tool for matching cancer patients to clinical trials using simulation-based research

“…SBR in the context of healthcare involves replicating clinical scenarios, with the aim of eliciting reactions and behaviors from healthcare professionals that are as close as possible to how they would react in a real situation 25 . SBR may take place in situ (i.e., in a clinical setting), where they can be announced or unannounced (i.e., participating staff are aware that a simulated event will take place but may or may not be informed as to when), or in dedicated simulation spaces away from the clinical setting [26][27][28] and color (e.g., "GREEN") or incongruent (e.g., "RED").…”

Emergency Medicine Cases in Underwater and Hyperbaric Environments: The Use of in situ Simulation as a Learning Technique

“…In situ simulation increases individual training and inter-professional collaboration and enhances soft skills such as communication, leadership, and membership. Moreover, in situ simulation creates the possibility to simulate in the real environment, providing stressful training in a safe context for high-risk procedures (Martin et al, 2020).…”