&lt;p&gt;The increasing threat of silver-resistance in clinical isolates from wounds and burns&lt;/p&gt;

Junka

et al. 2021

IJMS

Local administration of antiseptics is required to prevent and fight against biofilm-based infections of chronic wounds. One of the methods used for delivering antiseptics to infected wounds is the application of dressings chemisorbed with antimicrobials. Dressings made of bacterial cellulose (BC) display several features, making them suitable for such a purpose. This work aimed to compare the activity of commonly used antiseptic molecules: octenidine, polyhexanide, povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine, ethacridine lactate, and hypochlorous solutions and to evaluate their usefulness as active substances of BC dressings against 48 bacterial strains (8 species) and 6 yeast strains (1 species). A silver dressing was applied as a control material of proven antimicrobial activity. The methodology applied included the assessment of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC), the modified disc-diffusion method, and the modified antibiofilm dressing activity measurement (A.D.A.M.) method. While in 96-well plate-based methods (MIC and MBEC assessment), the highest antimicrobial activity was recorded for chlorhexidine, in the modified disc-diffusion method and in the modified A.D.A.M test, povidone-iodine performed the best. In an in vitro setting simulating chronic wound conditions, BC dressings chemisorbed with polyhexanide, octenidine, or povidone-iodine displayed a similar or even higher antibiofilm activity than the control dressing containing silver molecules. If translated into clinical conditions, the obtained results suggest high applicability of BC dressings chemisorbed with antiseptics to eradicate biofilm from chronic wounds.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

In Vitro Efficacy of Bacterial Cellulose Dressings Chemisorbed with Antiseptics against Biofilm Formed by Pathogens Isolated from Chronic Wounds

Junka

et al. 2021

IJMS

Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry

“…Ellis et al concluded in their study that P. aeruginosa was able to develop resistance to silver nanoparticles while S. aureus and A. baumannii did not develop resistance to silver nanoparticles [28]. Hosny et al detected plasmid-mediated silver resistance in clinical bacteria like P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii and S. aureus isolates [29]. Results from Kaweeteerawat et al study suggested that silver nanoparticles enhanced the bacterial resistance to antibiotics by promoting stress tolerance through induction of intracellular ROS [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hosny et al. detected plasmid-mediated silver resistance in clinical bacteria like P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii and S. aureus isolates [ 29 ]. Results from Kaweeteerawat et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of silver nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus

Parvekar

Palaskar

Metgud

et al. 2020

238

117

Aim: To determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of silver nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Methodology: The antimicrobial efficacy of the silver nanoparticles was determined by the standard methods of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Different concentrations of silver nanoparticles were prepared, and MIC was calculated by tube macro-dilution method. The MBC was determined by the lowest concentration that kills 99.9% of the initial bacterial population. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test using SPSS software. Results: The MIC and MBC of silver nanoparticles against S. aureus was found to be 0.625 mg/ml. Conclusion: The result obtained from this study shows that silver nanoparticles have potential bactericidal effects against S. aureus at a concentration of 0.625 mg/ml. Silver nanoparticles can be incorporated in the root canal medicaments, sealers and irrigants as it possess potent antimicrobial efficacy against S. aureus.

“…These bacterial species usually exert a damaging effect on wound healing ( 15 , 33 ). Many other species of bacteria in chronic wounds have also been reported, including Enterobacter cloacae ( 17 , 34 – 36 ), Citrobacter sp. ( 37 , 38 ), Peptostreptococcus sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Pathogenic Bacteria in Patients With Chronic Cutaneous Wounds in China

Guan

Dong

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

Background: To determine the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of pathogenic bacteria in patients with chronic cutaneous wounds on a national scale.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using the data recorded between January 1, 2018 and January1, 2020 in 195 hospitals across China. After screening the data, 815 patients with chronic wounds were finally analyzed. The data collected included information about the patients' general condition and local cutaneous wound assessments, especially microbial culture and antibiotic susceptibility tests. The analyses were performed using SPSS Version 26.Results: The study included 815 patients (290 [35.6%] females; 63 [50–74] years). The most common causes of chronic cutaneous wounds were diabetes (183, 22.5%), infection (178, 21.8%), and pressure (140, 17.2%). Among these, 521(63.9%) samples tested yielded microbial growth, including 70 (13.4%) polymicrobial infection and 451 (86.6%) monomicrobial infection. The positive rate of microbial culture was highest in wound tissue of ulcers caused by infection (87.6%), followed by pressure (77.1%), diabetes (68.3%), and venous diseases (67.7%). Bates-Jensen wound assessment tool (BWAT) scores >25 and wounds that lasted for more than 3 months had a higher positive rate of microbial culture. BWAT scores >25 and wounds in the rump, perineum, and feet were more likely to exhibit polymicrobial infection. A total of 600 strains were isolated, of which 46.2% (277 strains) were Gram-positive bacteria, 51.3% (308 strains) were Gram-negative bacteria, and 2.5% (15 strains) were fungi. The most common bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (29.2%), Escherichia coli (11.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.0%), Proteus mirabilis (8.0%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.8%). The susceptibility tests showed that 116 cultured bacteria were Multidrug resistant (MDR) strains. The resistance rates of S. aureus were 92.0% (161/175) to penicillin, 58.3% (102/175) to erythromycin, and 50.9% (89/175) to clindamycin. Vancomycin was the most effective antibiotic (0% resistance rate) against all Gram-positive bacteria. Besides, the resistance rates of E. coli were 68.1% (47/69) to ampicillin, 68.1% (47/69) to ciprofloxacin, 60.9% (42/69) to levofloxacin. However, all the isolated Gram-negative bacteria showed low resistance rates to tigecycline (3.9%) and amikacin (3.6%).Conclusions: The distribution of bacteria isolated from chronic cutaneous wounds varies with the BWAT scores, causes, duration, and the location of wounds. Multidrug resistance is a serious health issue, and therefore antibiotics used in chronic wounds must be under strict regulation. Our findings may help clinicians in making informed decisions regarding antibiotic therapy.