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ObjectivesTo conduct a systematic review on the translucency of bulk‐fill (BF) composite materials, evaluating the factors influencing it and its clinical implications.Materials and MethodsA systematic search was performed on four databases (Embase, Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) for articles published until October 2, 2023. Search terms were: “translucency,” “translucency parameter,” “contrast,” “contrast ratio,” “bulk,” “bulk‐fill,” “bulk fill,” “composite,” “resin,” “resin based,” “resin‐based,” “restoration,” and “dental.” In vitro studies, written in English language, investigating BF resin‐based composites translucency were included. The risk of bias was performed with the RoBDEMAT tool.ResultsOf 590 screened articles, 13 were included in this review. They investigated 11 high‐viscosity BF and 5 low viscosity ones. The limited number of the identified studies and the heterogeneity of the extracted data did not allow to conduct a meta‐analysis.ConclusionsBF materials exhibit variability in translucency due to variations in experimental designs and the heterogeneous composition.Clinical SignificanceBFs may behave differently in masking the substrate or in blending capacity.
ObjectivesTo conduct a systematic review on the translucency of bulk‐fill (BF) composite materials, evaluating the factors influencing it and its clinical implications.Materials and MethodsA systematic search was performed on four databases (Embase, Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) for articles published until October 2, 2023. Search terms were: “translucency,” “translucency parameter,” “contrast,” “contrast ratio,” “bulk,” “bulk‐fill,” “bulk fill,” “composite,” “resin,” “resin based,” “resin‐based,” “restoration,” and “dental.” In vitro studies, written in English language, investigating BF resin‐based composites translucency were included. The risk of bias was performed with the RoBDEMAT tool.ResultsOf 590 screened articles, 13 were included in this review. They investigated 11 high‐viscosity BF and 5 low viscosity ones. The limited number of the identified studies and the heterogeneity of the extracted data did not allow to conduct a meta‐analysis.ConclusionsBF materials exhibit variability in translucency due to variations in experimental designs and the heterogeneous composition.Clinical SignificanceBFs may behave differently in masking the substrate or in blending capacity.
Background The structure of bulk-fill resin composites differs from that of their conventional counterparts, but how this difference affects the color stability of the former after staining and bleaching is unclear. Accordingly, this study was aimed at investigating color change in nine bulk-fill resin composites and one nanohybrid resin composite treated with hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide after staining with tea, coffee, and red wine. Methods Eighty specimens were prepared from each resins [Clearfil Majesty Posterior (CMP), SDR flow+ (SDR), FiltekTMBulk-Fill Flowable Restorative (FBF), Reveal HD Bulk (RHD), Beautifil-Bulk Restorative (BBR), Tetric EvoCeram® Bulk Fill (TEC), SonicFill™2 (SF2), everX Posterior™ (eXP), X-tra base (XB), and Venus® Bulk Fill (VBF)]. Following baseline color measurements, the specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups according to immersion solutions and distilled water as the control. At the end of a 30-day test period, color measurements were repeated, and color change values (∆E00) were calculated. Each resin group was then divided into 2 subgroups (with 10 specimens per group) on the basis of bleaching agent (Opalescence Boost 40%, Opalescence PF 16%). Following bleaching application, ∆E00 and changes of whiteness (∆WID1 = WIDbleaching-WIDbaseline, ΔWID2 = WIDbleaching-WIDstaining) values were recorded. Two- and three-way analyses of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test were performed, with a P < 0.05 regarded as indicative of significance. Results After immersion in distilled water, tea, and red wine, the highest ΔE00 values were observed in eXP (P < 0.05). Resin materials immersed in coffee and tea exhibited statistically higher ∆E00 values than those immersed in red wine except for eXP, TEC, and FBF (P < 0.05). For eXP, the highest ∆E00 values were recorded in distilled water. For TEC and FBF, there was no statistically significant difference among the immersion solutions and distilled water (P > 0.05). For all the resins and staining beverages, no statistically significant difference in ∆WID1 and ∆WID2 values were detected between bleaching agents (P > 0.05). All the ΔWID1 values were above the whiteness perceptibility threshold. Conclusion The bulk-fill materials were more resistant to discoloration and bleaching procedures than the conventional resin composites. Coffee and tea caused more staining than distilled water and red wine generally. The type of bleaching procedure had no effect on the whiteness of the tested materials.
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the dentin bond strength of composite resins in response to environmental pressure changes. Methods: Ninety extracted human molar teeth were used. A mould (3 mm x 4 mm) was adapted on dentin, resin composites (conventional [n = 30] and single-shade composites [Ohmnicroma] [n = 30]) were filled in two increments of 2 mm. The bulk-fill composites (n = 30) were filled with one 4 mm increment. The specimens were stored for 30 days in artificial saliva. The specimens were exposed to hyperbaric pressure (283.6 kPa; 2.8 atmospheres absolute [atm abs]) or hypobaric pressure (34.4 kPa; 0.34 atm abs) once daily for 30 days and the control group was stored at atmospheric pressure for 30 days. The bond strength was tested with a universal testing machine and the failures were examined with a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. Statistical analyses were performed using analysis of variance with post hoc tests, and the Weibull analysis. Results: Regardless of environmental pressure changes, the bulk-fill composites showed the highest bond strength. There was no significant difference in bond strength between the hypobaric and atmospheric pressure (control) groups after 30 days in all resins. The hyperbaric group showed lower bond strength for bulk-fill composites than the control group. Conclusions: Dentists experienced in diving and aviation medicine should definitely take part in the initial and periodic medical examinations of divers and aircrew to give appropriate treatment. Bulk-fill composite resins can be preferred in divers and aircrew due to high bond strength values.
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