<p>The Effect of Serum Ferritin Level on Gonadal, Prolactin, Thyroid Hormones, and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone in Adult Males with Sickle Cell Anemia</p>

Abstract

Background: Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is an inherited hemoglobinopathy resulting in sickling of erythrocytes that cause micro-vascular obstruction leading to acute complications and chronic organ damage. Adults with SCA have endocrine complications and metabolic alterations. The aim of this study was to assess the association between gonadal and thyroid hormones with iron indices and to explore the potential association between serum ferritin levels and sex hormones in adult males with sickle cell disease in New Prince Saud Bin Jalawy Hospital (NPSBJH) in Hofuf city (Eastern region of Saudi Arabia) where there are many patients with SCA. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in the Haematology Clinic at NPSBJH in 2018. A total of eighty (80) male patients with sickle cell anaemia were included in this study and were divided into two groups according to serum ferritin level. Group I (G-I): Included 40 male patients with high serum ferritin level and group II (G-II): included 40 male patients with normal serum ferritin level. Results: There was a significant difference in height/cm between GI and Gil, P value= 0.006. Serum ferritin was significantly higher in GI (P value= 0.000), and serum TIBC was significantly higher in G-II. (P value= 0.022). Testosterone level was significantly higher in G-II (P value= 0.018). Luteinizing hormone (LH) was significantly higher in group I (P-value 0.019). There was a significant relation between serum ferritin level in G-I and the following: serum iron, TIBC, serum testosterone, LH, prolactin, free T3 and free T4. Conclusion: Adult males with SCD with high serum ferritin level were shorter than adult males with SCD who had normal serum ferritin level and had a significant lower level of serum testosterone and significant high level of LH and this was most likely due to endocrine dysfunction secondary to high ferritin level and iron overload.

Biomarkers of Iron Are Associated with Anterior-Pituitary-Produced Reproductive Hormones in Men with Infertility

“…Some previous research supports our findings, suggesting that high ferritin levels during puberty, particularly in thalassemia patients, are a risk factor for hypogonadotropic hypogonadism [ 50 ]. However, another cross-sectional study involving only 80 males with sickle cell anemia found that individuals in the high ferritin group had higher LH and lower testosterone in comparison to males in the normal ferritin group [ 51 ]. While we reported no association between ferritin and TT in infertile males, Liu et al found a significant association between ferritin concentrations and TT after adjusting for age and alcohol consumption amongst healthy men [ 52 ].…”

17-β-Estradiol and Progesterone as Efficient Predictors of Survival in Older Women Undergoing Hip Fracture Surgery

“…Demographics, injury and comorbidities, body composition, complications, and acute care are associated with the functional outcomes of hip fracture surgery (16); for example, age, male gender, inflammation, anemia, and infectious diseases foster multiple fracture hallmark functions, thus affecting patient survival. Sex hormones have been reported to be linked with inflammation, age, gender, and infectious diseases (15,17,18). However, the prognostic significance of sex hormones in older women undergoing hip fracture surgery remains unknown.…”

Hypothyroidism: Causes, Screening, and Therapeutic Approach

“…Patients with sickle cell anemia need testing for thyroid function because SCA results in sickling of erythrocytes that cause micro-vascular obstruction leading to acute complications and chronic organ damage, and endocrine glands are commonly affected. Thyroid disorders were frequently reported in patients with SCA [3]. Indications for screening for hypothyroidism are shown in Table 3 [3,7].…”

“…Thyroid disorders were frequently reported in patients with sickle cell anemia. So, these patients need frequent screening for serum ferritin level and hormonal assays including thyroid hormones [3].…”