<p>The Effect of Glutamine Supplementation on Oxidative Stress and Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 and 9 After Exhaustive Exercise</p>

Abstract

BackgroundGlutamine is the most abundant amino acid in plasma and skeletal muscles and an important fuel for immune system cells. It has beneficial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties which may be considered as a potentially useful supplement for athletes. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of glutamine supplementation on oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 after exhaustive exercise in young healthy males.Materials and methodsIn this study, 30 healthy males (supplement =15 and control=15) were randomly assigned into two groups. The supplement group received 0.3 g/kg BW of glutamine along with 25 gr of sugar dissolved in 250 cc water per day. The control group received 25 gr of sugar in 250 cc water per day. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and at the end of 14 days of intervention. The participants underwent exercise until experiencing full-body exhaustive fatigue for 16 ± 2.84 mins, and then fasting blood samples were taken. Serum levels of TAC, MDA, MMP2, MMP9, glutathione, and hs-CRP were measured.ResultsSerum levels of MDA and hs-CRP significantly decreased in the supplement group (p< 0.05). The serum level of TAC significantly increased in the supplement group (p< 0.05). Glutathione serum levels significantly increased after exhaustive exercise (p< 0.05). Serum levels of MMP2 and MMP9 remained unchanged.ConclusionResults of this study showed that, some biochemical factors are time-dependent and can increase or decrease over time, as well as, serum levels of hs-CRP and MDA decreased with glutamine supplementation along with the increase in the TAC serum levels, but this supplementation had no effect on serum levels of MMP2 and MMP9 in exhaustive exercise.

Berberine Improves the Symptoms of DHEA-Induced PCOS Rats by Regulating Gut Microbiotas and Metabolites

“…Thus, the metabolomic analysis was performed, and 3 metabolites, including glutamine, unsaturated acids, UFA [CH = CH], and glucose, were changed after berberine treatment. Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties [31,32]. Numerous studies indicated that oxidative stress and chronic inflammation might have an important effect on the pathophysiology of PCOS [33][34][35].…”

The Effects of Dietary Protein Supplementation on Exercise-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review of Human Trials

“…Of the 34 included studies, 19 used a parallel group design [ 48 , 49 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ], 3 had three treatment arms [ 52 , 54 , 63 ], and 2 had four treatment arms [ 68 , 74 ]. The remaining 15 studies employed a crossover design [ 8 , 30 , 50 , 56 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 ], three of which had three treatment arms [ 50 , 80 , 81 ].…”

“…In another study, consuming 1.5 g/kg of glutamine for 7 days prior to running did not affect the post-exercise changes in TAC, glutathione, or MDA (p > 0.05) [48]. In contrast, Nemati et al [67] found that 0.3 g/kg of glutamine for 2 weeks prior to exhaustive exercise significantly increased the systemic TAC (p = 0.01) and glutathione (p = 0.002) and reduced the post-exercise levels of serum MDA (p = 0.04) and hsCRP (p = 0.02).…”

Glutamine and norepinephrine in follicular fluid synergistically affect the antioxidant capacity of human granulosa cells and the outcome of IVF-ET

“…Currently, extensive scienti c attention has been given to an important metabolite Gln, which is one of the most abundant amino acid in the human body, such as skeletal muscles, plasma [33] and follicular uid [34]. It has anti-in ammatory and antioxidant functions as well as effects that modulate the heatshock protein response during stress; moreover, as a precursor of glutamate, Gln participates in multiple neurotransmitter metabolic pathways [33,35,36]. In addition, peripheral neurotransmitter NE participates in the control of steroidal secretion from the ovary and follicular development [29].…”