<p>The Destruction Of Laser-Induced Phase-Transition Nanoparticles Triggered By Low-Intensity Ultrasound: An Innovative Modality To Enhance The Immunological Treatment Of Ovarian Cancer Cells</p>

Abstract

PurposePhotodynamic therapy (PDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), and oxaliplatin (OXP) can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) following damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) exposure or release and can be united via the use of nanoplatforms to deliver drugs that can impart anti-tumor effects. The aim of this study was to develop phase-transition nanoparticles (OI_NPs) loaded with perfluoropentane (PFP), indocyanine green (ICG), and oxaliplatin (OXP), to augment anti-tumor efficacy and the immunological effects of chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy and sonodynamic therapy (PSDT).MethodsOI_NPs were fabricated by a double emulsion method and a range of physicochemical and dual-modal imaging features were characterized. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry were used to determine the cellular uptake of OI_NPs by ID8 cells. The viability and apoptotic rate of ID8 cells were investigated using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry. Flow cytometry, Western blotting, and luminometric assays were then used to investigate the exposure or release of crucial DAMPs such as calreticulin (CRT), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and adenosine-5ʹ-triphosphate (ATP). Tumor rechallenge experiments were then used to investigate whether treated ID8 cells underwent ICD. Finally, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity was determined by a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay.ResultsSpherical OI_NPs were able to carry OXP, ICG and PFP and were successfully internalized by ID8 cells. The application of OI_NPs significantly enhanced the phase shift ability of PFP and the optical characteristics of ICG, thus leading to a significant improvement in photoacoustic and ultrasonic imaging. When combined with near-infrared light and ultrasound, the application of OI_NPs led to improved anti-tumor effects on cancer cells, and significantly enhanced the expression of DAMPs, thus generating a long-term anti-tumor effect.ConclusionThe application of OI_NPs, loaded with appropriate cargo, may represent a novel strategy with which to increase anti-tumor effects, enhance immunological potency, and improve dual-mode imaging.

Calreticulin—Multifunctional Chaperone in Immunogenic Cell Death: Potential Significance as a Prognostic Biomarker in Ovarian Cancer Patients

“…The viral treatment of these cell lines, followed by doxorubicin administration successfully induced surface exposure of CRT. Moreover, the appearance of “eat me” signal on cancer cells enhanced the effectiveness of DCs in phagocyting them [ 113 ]. In the case of other malignant cells, doxorubicin was also described to be effective for the induction of cell’s surface expression of CRT on GBM human glioblastoma cell line [ 123 ].…”

Facile preparation of cancer cell membrane vehicle loaded with indocyanine green for effective photothermal therapy of cancer

“…These significantly increased benefits were much more powerful than those acquired in cellular studies, which might due to the precise and effective in vivo ICG delivery using Ccm. According to the previous report [31], the in vivo administration of ICG usually suffered from quick elimination and excretion due to the amphipathicity of ICG. Moreover, the aqueous instability of ICG further diminishes the total accumulation of valid drug concentration in tumours.…”

Recent Progress Toward Imaging Application of Multifunction Sonosensitizers in Sonodynamic Therapy

“…Analogously, Xie et al and Zheng et al created OI_NPs and OIX_NPs that were similar to PIO_NPs in that they encapsulated PFP with PLGA and loaded ICG, and they used the imaging features of the ICG and PFP bubbles to develop the PA/US imaging performance of sonosensitive nanoparticles. 143 , 144 Liu et al loaded ICG and folic acid target molecules into the shell using lipids as carriers and encapsulated oxygen-carrying PFH to synthesize nanoparticles (FA-OINPs) to achieve dual-mode imaging monitoring for ovarian cancer treatment. 145 All groups were irradiated with a 1.5 W/cm 2 laser for 5 min.…”