“…It has been reported that for every one-hundred patients admitted to hospital, seven patients in high-income economies and ten in emerging and low-income economies acquire at least one type of HAI ( Haque et al, 2020 , Danasekaran et al, 2014 , Khan et al, 2017a , Khan et al, 2017b , Haque et al, 2018 , Klevens et al, 2007 , WHO, 2016 ). In the United States at any one time, 4 % of the hospitalized patients are affected by an HAI ( Magill et al, 2014 ).…”