<p>Stimulus-responsive vesicular polymer nano-integrators for drug and gene delivery</p>

Abstract

Over the past two decades, nano-sized biosystems have increasingly been utilized to deliver various pharmaceutical agents to a specific region, organ or tissue for controllable precision therapy. Whether solid nanohydrogel, nanosphere, nanoparticle, nanosheet, micelles and lipoproteins, or “hollow” nanobubble, liposome, nanocapsule, and nanovesicle, all of them can exhibit outstanding loading and releasing capability as a drug vehicle – in particular polymeric nanovesicle, a microscopic hollow sphere that encloses a water core with a thin polymer membrane. Besides excellent stability, toughness and liposome-like compatibility, polymeric nanovesicles offer considerable scope for tailoring properties by changing their chemical structure, block lengths, stimulus-responsiveness and even conjugation with biomolecules. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in stimulus-responsive polymeric nanovesicles for biomedical applications. Different functionalized polymers are in development to construct more complex multiple responsive nanovesicles in delivery systems, medical imaging, biosensors and so on.

A novel redox-responsive ursolic acid polymeric prodrug delivery system for osteosarcoma therapy

“…In addition, many previous reports showed that the β-thiopropionate linkage was not only cleaved by reductive stimuli but it could also be degraded by acidic conditions (Lv et al., 2014 ; Zou et al., 2014 ). It is well known that within normal tissue pH is ∼7.4, but within the lysosome and endosome the pH is ∼5–6 (Zou et al., 2014 ; Mu et al., 2019 ). Thereby, U-SS-M may degrade in cell lysosome and endosome acidic condition.…”

Recent Advances of Microfluidic Platforms for Controlled Drug Delivery in Nanomedicine

“…The release of an encapsulated drug from a nanocarrier consisting of a liposome must increase local drug delivery while reducing the toxicity consequences of a temperature increase. [87][88][89][90] High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), particularly micro-HIFU (MHIFU) microfluidic devices, allows us to imitate the bulky HIFU transmission tool with the help of lower power consumption and control the release of low temperature-sensitive liposomes (LTSL) investigated. 70,91 Furthermore, at the transition to a local temperature of between 41°C and 43°C, the structure changes from a gel to a liquid crystalline phase, releasing the encapsulated drugs with an external source of hyperthermia, such as microwaves, and an infrared radiation laser with the structure of a lipid membrane of low-temperature sensitive liposomes (LTSL).…”

Overcoming Biological Barriers With Block Copolymers-Based Self-Assembled Nanocarriers. Recent Advances in Delivery of Anticancer Therapeutics

“…Temperature is the most widespread stimulus to trigger the specific responsiveness of SAN for applications in cancer nanomedicine (Mu et al, 2019). Local temperature is slightly higher in solid tumors than in normal tissues; hence, nanocarriers may accumulate into the tumor by adjusting the thermoresponsiveness of ABC (phase transition temperature: upper or lower critical solution temperatures, UCST and LCST, respectively) (Ward and Georgiou, 2011) to be between body and tumor temperature (Onaca et al, 2009;Thambi et al, 2016;García, 2019b).…”