<p>STAT gene family mRNA expression and prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma</p>

Abstract

Background Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are well-known transcription factors that play an important role in the progression of cancer. However, the association between STAT family genes and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. This study investigates the expression level, the prognostic value and the potential mechanism of STAT family genes in HCC. Methods Data from 365 HCC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and 241 HCC patients in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic values of STAT genes by survival analysis and nomogram. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to investigate the potential mechanism of the STAT genes in the development of HCC. Results Our results showed that STAT4/5B mRNA expression levels in HCC tissues were lower than those in normal tissues. Importantly, our results indicated that high expression of STAT5A, STAT5B and STAT6 was associated with better overall survival in HCC patients. Joint effects analysis of STAT5A, STAT5B and STAT6 suggested that the prognosis difference for any combination of genes was more significant than that for any individual gene. Then, we developed a risk score model could predict HCC prognosis and the nomogram visualized gene expression and clinical factors of probability for HCC prognosis. The ROC and calibration curves showed good performance in survival prediction in both the TCGA and the GEO databases. GSEA suggested that high expression of STAT5A, STAT5B and STAT6 were involved in immune-related biological processes, drug metabolism cytochrome P450, JAK-STAT signalling pathway, and PPAR signalling pathways. Conclusion Our data suggest that STAT5A, STAT5B and STAT6 expression may be potential prognostic markers of HCC and, in combination, have a better predictive value for HCC prognosis.

Exploration of immune-related genes in high and low tumor mutation burden groups of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma

“…In fact, another study about ccRCC also suggested that patients with higher TMB tended to be with a worse prognosis [45]. Moreover, Chuanjie et al found that ccRCC with higher TMB levels are associated with higher tumor grades and advanced pathological stages [46].…”

Identification of therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers among STAT family in glioblastoma

“…The STAT family could mediate various biological processes, including cellular immunity, invasion, differentiation, and apoptosis [27]. Activated by diverse cytokines, STAT signaling played a central role in immunity, cell death, and cancer pathogenesis and progression [8]. Extensive studies have revealed that STAT family exert important functions in cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma.…”

“…Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways are crucial for the function, proliferation, and apoptosis of immune cells, such as CD8 + cells and dendritic cells [6]. The aberrant activation of STAT signaling was confirmed to result in tumor pathogenesis and progress by regulating cell cycle, cell survival, and immune response [7,8]. STAT family consist of STAT1-4, STAT5A/5B, and STAT6.…”

Identification of a Five-Immune Gene Model as an Independent Prognostic Factor in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

“…Previous studies indicated that immune genes were related to the response and prognosis of HCC patients to immunotherapy [12]. Dong et al demonstrated that high expression of STAT5A, STAT5B, and STAT6 was associated with better prognosis in HCC patients [13]. This article proposed to identify a trustworthy model of HCC on the basis of immune genes, and demonstrated its clinical utility for HCC patients.…”