<p>Species Distribution And Antibiotic Susceptibility Of <em>Nocardia</em> Isolates From Yantai, China</p>

Abstract

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the species distributions and drug sensitivities among 19 strains of Nocardia isolated from Yantai, China, from 2017 to 2019.Patients and methodsDefinitive species identification was performed by sequencing a fragment of the 16S rRNA gene (1480 bp) and by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The susceptibilities of the isolates to 15 commonly-used antibiotics were tested using the microbroth dilution method.ResultsAmong the 19 Nocardia isolates, five species were confirmed. Seventeen of the 19 Nocardia spp. strains were identified consistently by the two methods, while two isolates of N. cyriacigeorgica were misidentified as N. otitidiscaviarum by MALDI-TOF MS. N. farcinica was the most common species (8/19), followed by N. cyriacigeorgica (6/19), N. otitidiscaviarum (2/19), N. brasiliensis (2/19), and N. nova (1/19). All isolates were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and amikacin, followed by linezolid and tigecycline (94.7% susceptibility rates). The sensitivity and minimum inhibitory concentration patterns for ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, clarithromycin, and tobramycin were significantly correlated with the species.ConclusionThese results regarding the distribution and antibiotic resistance features of Nocardia species further our understanding of the diversity of Nocardia species circulating in Yantai, China, and thus support the use of more accurate empirical treatments.

Clinical Nocardia species: Identification, clinical characteristics, and antimicrobial susceptibility in Shandong, China

“…In general, the majority of patients with Nocardia infection have a certain degree of immune deficiency, particularly patients with underlying diseases or immunosuppressive treatment. In the present study, approximately 93% of patients had at least one known underlying disease responsible for immune deficiency, which was consistent with the previous data [ 4 , 23 ]. The most common underlying diseases were type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and COPD.…”

“…Inconsistently, in previous studies, the predominant Nocardia species varied in different regions; namely, N. nova , N. abscessus and N. cyriacigeorgica were, respectively, the most predominant species in the United States [ 18 ], Italy [ 19 ], and Spain [ 20 ]. Even in China, the distributional features of Nocardia species varied in different regions [ 12 , 21 - 23 ], indicating that the distribution of Nocardia species might be geographically-related.…”

Molecular identification and antibiotic resistance pattern of actinomycetes isolates among immunocompromised patients in Iran, emerging of new infections

“…The rate of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance varies in different studies. While all isolates were susceptible to this antibiotic in one study 36 , other studies have reported resistance rates of 2% 41 , 16.12% 42 , 21.74% 38 , and 42% 39 .…”

“…Healthy individuals are also at risk of actinomycetes infection, as 6.67% of patients in this study did not have any underlying disease. Similarly, Hashemi-Shahraki et al and Yi et al have diagnosed 21.1% and 44.1% of actinomycetes infections in their studies among healthy individuals, respectively 13 , 36 . Therefore, in the presence of relevant symptoms, actinomycetes infections should be considered in the differential diagnosis, not only in immunocompromised patients but also in immunocompetent individuals.…”

“…Less severe diseases can also predispose patients to actinomycetes infections. Diabetes was the most common underlying condition reported in a study conducted in China 36 . Other underlying conditions such as transplantation, malignancy, and corticosteroid therapy can also predispose patients to actinomycetes infection.…”