<p>Silver Decorated Mesoporous Carbons for the Treatment of Acute and Chronic Wounds, in a Tissue Regeneration Context</p>

Abstract

Introduction: Silver decorated mesoporous carbons are interesting systems that may offer effective solutions for advanced wound care products by combining the well-known antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles with the versatile properties of ordered mesoporous carbons. Silver is being used as a topical antimicrobial agent, especially in wound repair. However, while silver shows bactericidal properties, it is also cytotoxic at high concentrations. Therefore, the incorporation of silver into ordered mesoporous carbons allows to exploit both silver's biological effects and mesoporous carbons' biocompatibility and versatility with the purpose of conceiving silver-doped materials in light of the growing health concern in wound care. Methods: The wound healing potential of an ordered mesoporous carbon also doped with two different loadings of silver nanoparticles (2 wt% and 10 wt%), was investigated through a biological assessment study based on different assays (cell viability, inflammation, antibacterial tests, macrophage-conditioned fibroblast and human keratinocyte cell cultures). Results: The results show silver-doped ordered mesoporous carbons to positively condition cell viability, with a cell viability percentage >70% even for 10 wt% Ag, to modulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines and of genes involved in tissue repair (KRT6a, VEGFA, IVN) and remodeling (MMP9, TIMP3) in different cell systems. Furthermore, along with the biocompatibility and the bioactivity, the silver-doped ordered mesoporous carbons still retain an antibacterial effect, as shown by a maximum of 13.1% of inhibited area in the Halo test. The obtained results clearly showed that the silver-doped ordered mesoporous carbons exhibit both good biocompatibility and antibacterial effect with enhanced re-epithelialization, angiogenesis promotion and tissue regeneration. Discussion: These findings suggest that the exceptional properties of silver-doped ordered mesoporous carbons could be exploited in the treatment of acute and chronic wounds and that such carbon materials could be potential candidates for use in medical devices for wound healing purposes, in particular, the 10 wt% loading, as the results showed to be the most effective.

A comprehensive review on the applications of carbon-based nanostructures in wound healing: from antibacterial aspects to cell growth stimulation

“…The resulting composite was used as a wound dressing for acute and chronic wounds, showing no cytotoxicity, and it did not cause any short-term inflammation responses. 213 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are oxygen-containing reactive molecules and can cause damage to bacterial cells. Zhao et al designed a copper single-atom catalyst (Cu SAC) using N-doped mesoporous carbon as a biocompatible and porous support.…”

Lentivirus‐mediated subcutaneous JAM‐A modification promotes skin wound healing in a mouse model by strengthening the secretory function and proliferation of fibroblasts

“…However, certain therapeutic methods have positive effects both in acute and in chronic wounds. Several studies revealed that oxygen therapy, negative wound pressure therapy, and silver‐decorated dressings accelerated the healing process (Schreml et al, 2010; Torre et al, 2019; Ubbink et al, 2008). The results of our study may have positive effects on nonhealing wounds in the future.…”

A Novel Yolk–Shell Fe3O4@ Mesoporous Carbon Nanoparticle as an Effective Tumor-Targeting Nanocarrier for Improvement of Chemotherapy and Photothermal Therapy

“…Carbon-based nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes [1], graphene [2] and carbon nanohorns [3], has been extensively explored as drug delivery platforms for tumor therapy due to the ideal biocompatibility, unique photothermal conversion efficiency and other physiochemical properties [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. In terms of nanostructural features, mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (MCN) are optimal for drug delivery, due to their well-defined mesoporous channels, large surface area and carbonaceous composition, endowing themselves with superior natural performance in comparison with mesoporous silica nanoparticles and other carbon nanomaterials [11][12][13][14][15]. However, specific surface area plays a vital role in drug delivery [16,17], tumor cell targeting and tumor retention [18,19].…”