&lt;p&gt;Serological evidence of &lt;em&gt;Coxiella burnetii&lt;/em&gt; infection in cattle and farm workers: is Q fever an underreported zoonotic disease in Ecuador?&lt;/p&gt;

Echeverría, Gustavo; Reyna-Bello, Armando; Minda-Aluisa, Elizabeth; Celi-Erazo, Maritza; Olmedo, Lisbeth; García, Herakles A.; García-Bereguiaín, Miguel Angel; Waard, Jacobus H. de

doi:10.2147/idr.s195940

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…On the other hand, Colombia, Mexico, and especially Brazil had carried out several studies on seroprevalence in exposed populations or on prevalence within series of CAP. There are no publications on human Q fever in the Amazon region except in FG and Ecuador [ 35 ]. Finally, recently, the French National Reference Center described genotypes of Q fever according to the zone of presumed infection: no cases were reported in patients from South America, except for FG [ 14 , 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Q Fever on the Guiana Shield and Brazil: Recent Findings and Remaining Questions

et al. 2021

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Purpose of Review In this review, we report on the state of knowledge about human Q fever in Brazil and on the Guiana Shield, an Amazonian region located in northeastern South America. There is a contrast between French Guiana, where the incidence of this disease is the highest in the world, and other countries where this disease is practically non-existent. Recent Findings Recent findings are essentially in French Guiana where a unique strain MST17 has been identified; it is probably more virulent than those usually found with a particularly marked pulmonary tropism, a mysterious animal reservoir, a geographical distribution that raises questions. Summary Q fever is a bacterial zoonosis due to Coxiella burnetii that has been reported worldwide. On the Guiana Shield, a region mostly covered by Amazonian forest, which encompasses the Venezuelan State of Bolivar, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and the Brazilian State of Amapá, the situation is very heterogeneous. While French Guiana is the region reporting the highest incidence of this disease in the world, with a single infecting clone (MST 117) and a unique epidemiological cycle, it has hardly ever been reported in other countries in the region. This absence of cases raises many questions and is probably due to massive under-diagnosis. Studies should estimate comprehensively the true burden of this disease in the region.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Q Fever on the Guiana Shield and Brazil: Recent Findings and Remaining Questions

et al. 2021

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“…The presence of anti- C. burnetii IgM antibodies are highly suggestive of recent or active C. burnetii infection. Meanwhile, the presence of anti- C. burnetii IgG antibodies indicate the previous infection [ 28 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of Coxiella burnetii infection in humans and livestock in Assiut, Egypt: A serological and molecular survey

Abbass

Selim

Sobhy³

et al. 2020

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Q fever is considered a neglected zoonotic disease and is caused by Coxiella burnetii. Very little information is available on C. burnetii infections in cattle, sheep, and goat populations in Egypt. The aim of this study was to identify the seroprevalence of C. burnetii in humans and livestock and to test for the presence of C. burnetii DNA in sera from seropositive animals and humans. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 160 apparently healthy farm animals and 120 patients from three hospitals of the Assiut Governorate throughout 2017/2018. These populations were tested for antibodies against C. burnetii phase II antigen by immunofluorescence assay [IFA]) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Seropositive samples were subjected to real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: The results of the IFA revealed C. burnetii seroprevalence rates of 45.3%, 56.0%, 45.7%, and 53.3% in cattle, sheep, goats, and humans, respectively. In humans, the seroprevalence rates were 52.1%, 30.4%, 37.5%, 74.1%, and 62.5% in patients with fever of unknown origin, influenza, kidney dialysis, hepatitis C virus, and hepatitis B virus, respectively. Likewise, by ELISA, the seroprevalence in bovine was 50.7%; sheep, 60.0%; goats, 51.4%; and humans, 55.0% (54.3%, 30.4%, 37.5%, 77.8%, and 62.5% in patients with fever of unknown origin, influenza, kidney dialysis, hepatitis C virus, and hepatitis B virus, respectively). RT-qPCR targeting the repetitive element IS1111 confirmed the presence of C. burnetii DNA. Conclusion: These results proved that apparently healthy cattle, sheep, and goats may be very important reservoirs of C. burnetii infection. In light of these data, the effect of Q fever on the replication of hepatitis virus remains unclear. Although hepatitis is one of the main aspects of acute Q fever, the influence of hepatitis on Q fever remains to be investigated. Q fever is not a reportable disease in Egypt, and clinical cases may rarely be recognized by the health-care system. Additional information on the epidemiology of C. burnetii in Egypt is warranted, including other associated problems such as the distribution of infections, pathologic hallmarks, and molecular typing.

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“…Risk to the general population should also be taken into account as the farming animals roam on roads and private properties. Most of the infections in humans are asymptomatic but also underreported [ 37 , 38 ]. However, complications such as endocarditis or hepatitis can be fatal [ 5 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Coxiella burnetii antibodies in sheep and cattle on a veterinary campus in St. Kitts: Implications for one health in the Caribbean region

et al. 2020

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Coxiella burnetii is a ubiquitous zoonotic bacterium reported worldwide that causes Q-fever. Infections result in profound economic losses to livestock producers by causing abortions and low birth weights. Current information about the disease in the Caribbean region is scarce. With multiple small islands and territories, it is often considered that the bacterium is absent or circulates at a low prevalence. Our study aimed to determine whether sheep and cattle housed at a veterinary campus in St Kitts had previous exposure to C. burnetii. Blood samples were taken from cattle ( n = 63; 72% of the herd) and sheep ( n = 133; 71% of the flock). Antibodies to C. burnetii were detected by a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IDvet® ELISA) test. The seroprevalence was estimated at 26.3% (95% CI: 19.1–34.7%) in sheep and 0% (95% CI: 0–5.7%) in cattle. Sheep importation to St. Kitts is very rare, thus, these results suggest that C. burnetii is present on the island. The seronegativity of all the cattle highlights the absence of the bacterium on the veterinary campus. The high seroprevalence in sheep, however, has potentially important implications for animal health and public health as well as for wildlife conservation. Further investigation about animal seroprevalence and human exposure are warranted in St. Kitts and in the Caribbean region.

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<p>Serological evidence of <em>Coxiella burnetii</em> infection in cattle and farm workers: is Q fever an underreported zoonotic disease in Ecuador?</p>

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Human Q Fever on the Guiana Shield and Brazil: Recent Findings and Remaining Questions

Human Q Fever on the Guiana Shield and Brazil: Recent Findings and Remaining Questions

High prevalence of Coxiella burnetii infection in humans and livestock in Assiut, Egypt: A serological and molecular survey

Detection of Coxiella burnetii antibodies in sheep and cattle on a veterinary campus in St. Kitts: Implications for one health in the Caribbean region

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