&lt;p&gt;Sentinel lymph node biopsy in the management of conjunctival melanoma: current insights&lt;/p&gt;

Mor, Joel M.; Rokohl, Alexander C.; Koch, Konrad R.; Heindl, Ludwig M.

doi:10.2147/opth.s187364

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“… 4 , 7 , 8 , 14 Since an incidence of 0.15-0.78/100.000 has been reported recently, the number of diagnosed patients in this study is slightly higher than expected. 2 The fact that 42% of the patients were diagnosed in the last 3 years could indicate that the incidence of the disease is rising in Slovenia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It occurs with an annual incidence of 0.2–0.7/1.000.000. 1 , 2 Tumors are common among the Caucasian population and the elderly. 3 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 8 Although the procedure has been widely used, the efficacy of this approach in CjM is not completely clear due to the low incidence of the disease and frequency of SLN positive cases. 2 , 4 , 11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sentinel Node Biopsy for Conjunctival Melanoma; Single Centre Experience and Review of Current Literature

et al. 2021

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Purpose To evaluate the role of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in patients with conjuctival melanoma (CjM). Study design Retrospective observational cohort study and literature review. Subjects Slovenian patients with CjM are included in the study. Methods Prospectively collected data of CjM patients treated from June 2005 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Main outcome measures The numbers of SLN biopsy procedures, positive and false positive SLN, and local and regional relapses have been described together with overall survival. Results From June 2005 until December 2016, 24 patients with CjM were treated. The median follow-up time was 65.3 months. The mean Breslow thickness was 1.5 mm (sd = 1.8 mm), and ulceration was present in 29% of cases. Altogether, 14/24 (58%) SLN biopsy procedures were performed. SLN was positive in 2/14 (14%) cases. The estimated 5-year overall survival (OS) of the group was 72.5%, with a median survival of 151 months (95% CI 77–224). From January 2013 to January 2020, five (5/140, 3%) authors reported results comparable to our study. Conclusion Our results confirm that CjM is a rare disease with approximately 14% of positive SLN. At the moment, there are no firm conclusions regarding who would benefit most from SLN biopsy or whether or not CLND should be offered. Data from literature emphasize the need for consistent and uniform staging and future multicentric studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It occurs with an annual incidence of 0.2–0.7/1.000.000. 1 , 2 Tumors are common among the Caucasian population and the elderly. 3 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sentinel Node Biopsy for Conjunctival Melanoma; Single Centre Experience and Review of Current Literature

et al. 2021

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“…However, although sentinel lymph node biopsy may provide important prognostic information, the technique has not been shown to prevent future distant metastases or prolong survival in CM. 78,82 Like the treatment of primary CM, recurrences of CM are treated with a variety of techniques either alone or in combination with complete resection, radiotherapy, or in advanced cases, exenteration. 48 While surgical resection, cryotherapy, and topical chemotherapy are the mainstay of CM treatment now, recent discovery of genetic mutations in CM, specifically within BRAF, which has been cited in 22% to 40% in CM, may offer potential therapeutic targets.…”

Section: Clinical Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjunctival Melanocytic Lesions

Bresler

Simon

Shields

et al. 2021

Archives of Pathology &Amp; Laboratory Medicine

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Context.— Conjunctival melanocytic lesions consist of a variety of neoplastic and nonneoplastic conditions. These include benign processes such as primary intraepithelial hypermelanosis and melanocytic hyperplasia, secondary forms of intraepithelial hypermelanosis and melanocytic hyperplasia, melanocytic nevi, melanocytic proliferations with malignant potential, and melanoma. Objective.— To provide a concise yet comprehensive resource regarding the histopathologic diagnosis of conjunctival melanocytic lesions. We aim to detail and clarify the numerous classification schemes that exist for junctional melanocytic proliferations of the conjunctiva (known as primary acquired melanosis or PAM; also termed conjunctival melanocytic intraepithelial neoplasia or C-MIN). Although not uniformly adopted, C-MIN is classified by using a numeric system based on a defined set of criteria. A less complex scheme (conjunctival melanocytic intraepithelial lesion or CMIL) has recently been proposed by the World Health Organization. Additionally, we aim to update the reader regarding molecular features and prognostic indicators. Data Sources.— Peer-reviewed literature and archived cases for illustration. Conclusions.— Accurate histologic classification is essential, as PAM/C-MIN/CMILs that have a significant potential to progress to invasive melanoma may be clinically indistinguishable from low-risk lesions. Conjunctival melanoma (CM) more closely resembles cutaneous melanoma in terms of its pathogenesis and molecular features, compared to melanoma arising at other mucosal sites or to uveal melanoma. Depth of invasion and ulceration status, among other factors, have emerged as important prognostic indicators in CM. Sentinel lymph node biopsy may provide further prognostic information. Lastly, integration of pathologic and clinical findings is essential at this anatomically sensitive location to determine appropriate clinical management.

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“…While it is rare, the incidence of this neoplasm is on the rise [1,2]. The annual incidence of CM has been estimated at 0.2 to 0.8 cases per 1,000,000 people, and patient populations particularly susceptible to ultraviolet light damage such as non-Hispanic white men are at the highest risk of developing this malignancy [1,[3][4][5]. CM may arise from primary acquired melanosis (PAM), nevus, or de novo [2,4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Protein Analysis of Driver Gene Mutations in Conjunctival Melanoma

Djulbegovic

Uversky

Harbour

et al. 2021

Genes

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In recent years, there has been tremendous enthusiasm with respect to detailing the genetic basis of many neoplasms, including conjunctival melanoma (CM). We aim to analyze five proteins associated with CM, namely BRAF, NRAS, c-KIT, NF1, and PTEN. We evaluated each protein for its intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs) and its protein-protein interactions (PPI) with the Predictor of Natural Disordered Protein Regions (PONDR®) and the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING®). Our PONDR® analysis found high levels of IDPRs in all five proteins with mutations linked to CM. The highest levels of IDPRs were in BRAF (45.95%), followed by PTEN (31.76%), NF1 (22.19%), c-KIT (21.82%), and NRAS (14.81%). Our STRING analysis found that each of these five proteins had more predicted interactions then expected (p-value < 1.0 × 10−16). Our analysis demonstrates that the mutations linked to CM likely affected IDPRs and possibly altered their highly complex PPIs. Quantifying IDPRs in BRAF, NRAS, c-KIT, NF1, and PTEN and understanding these protein regions are important processes as IDPRs can be possible drug targets for novel targeted therapies for treating CM.

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<p>Sentinel lymph node biopsy in the management of conjunctival melanoma: current insights</p>

Cited by 13 publications

References 39 publications

Sentinel Node Biopsy for Conjunctival Melanoma; Single Centre Experience and Review of Current Literature

Sentinel Node Biopsy for Conjunctival Melanoma; Single Centre Experience and Review of Current Literature

Conjunctival Melanocytic Lesions

Structural Protein Analysis of Driver Gene Mutations in Conjunctival Melanoma

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