<p>Prevalence of <em>Candida</em> blood stream infections among children in tertiary care hospital: detection of species and antifungal susceptibility</p>

Abstract

Background Of all blood stream infections (BSI), candidaemia poses the greatest threat with a high fatality rate among children. There has been an increase in the number of reports of non- C. albicans species and antifungal resistance has progressively emerge. Aim The present study aimed to demonstrate the prevalence of candidaemia among children and to characterize the involved species and their susceptibility to antifungal agents. Methodology Microbes were isolated from blood samples and identified via standard microbiological procedures. Chromogenic media was used to characterize the Candida species. The susceptibility of the isolates to the antifungal agents; caspofungin, amphotericin, itraconazole, and fluconazole was determined with the E-test. Statistical methods The data were analysed with Statistical Package for the Social Science SPSS; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) version 15 for Microsoft Windows. Comparisons between the study groups were performed using the Chi square (χ 2 ) test. p -values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results Candidaemia accounted for 17.3% of all BSIs. C. albicans and non- C. albicans species accounted for 36% and 64% of the cases of candidaemia, respectively. Caspofungin, amphotericin, itraconazole, and fluconazole antifungals had activities of 99%, 97%, 73% and 64%, respectively. In total, 64% of patients with candiaemia died. Conclusion The prevalence of candidaemia was high, the fatality rate was alarming and non- C. albicans species were predominant. Fluconazole was the least effective of the tested antifungal agents owing to the high level of resistance.

Prevalence and antifungal drug resistance of nosocomial Candida species isolated from two university hospitals in Egypt

“…Kadry et al [ 7 ] reported a prevalence rate of 70% which is slightly higher than the results of the present study. Moreover, according to a study performed in Egypt, the prevalence rate of C. albicans in BSIs was 40%, which is lower than the findings of the present study [ 22 ]. These differences in prevalence could be attributed to the variety of sources from which the clinical samples were isolated.…”

“…However, in this study, C. krusei ranked second after C. albicans with a prevalence rate of about 20%, followed by C. tropicalis (6.5%) and C. parapsilosis (5.7%). Moreover, a similar prevalence rate for C. krusei was recently reported in Egypt [ 6 , 22 ]. A lower prevalence of C. krusei was reported (10.7%) in vaginal infections [ 21 ], while it had a prevalence rate of 46% in leprosy patients [ 25 ].…”

“…The NAC levels in this study (42.6%) are in line with the values in the literature that denote the epidemiological shift of Candida pathogens in the last few decades [ 2 ]. Nevertheless, this shift appears to be rising with time as the recently reported prevalence of NAC is around or even exceeds 50% in some cases [ 6 , 22 , 23 ]. The extensive use of antifungals for prophylaxis has become the leading cause of colonization of NAC and increase of resistance to antifungal drugs [ 24 ].…”

WITHDRAWN: In Vitro Study On The Potential Fungicidal Effects of Atorvastatin In Combination With Some Azole Drugs Against Multidrug Resistant Candida Albicans

“…Another study conducted in Egypt reported that 100% of C. albicans isolates were resistant to FLU and VOR (El-Houssaini et al 2019). On the contrary, (Khairat et al 2019) found that the sensitivity of C. albicans isolates to FLU and ITR were 64 and 73%, respectively. Other studies found that the resistance rates of C. albicans to different azole drugs are lower than 20% (Zhang et al 2014;Nagashima et al 2016).…”

Isolation and Identification of Fungi from Clinical Samples of Diabetic Patients and Studying the Anti-Fungal Activity of Some Natural Oils on Isolated Fungi

“…Resistant mycotic species often appear in prolonged use of antifungal agents or after prophylactic treatment (4). Candida albicans is the third common pathogen found in bloodstream infections in children (5). C. albicans can cause a serious disease candidiasis, which disseminated blood stream with high mortality rate (6).…”