<p>Prevalence and risk factors of anxiety and depression in Chinese patients with lung cancer: a cross-sectional study</p>

Abstract

Background: Lung cancer is very common in China. The low cure rate, limited overall survival, and continuous therapies lead the patients to experience considerable psychological distress. Traditional Chinese medicine therapy is one unique treatment method in China. Nevertheless, most patients in the existing studies on anxiety and depression were treated in western medical hospitals. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the prevalence and risk factors of these emotional disorders in lung cancer patients treated in traditional Chinese medical hospitals. These findings may assist in clinical intervention. Patients and methods: A total of 315 patients with lung cancer were enrolled. Individuals completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to assess their levels of anxiety and depression. Demographic and clinical data were also collected. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors that significantly predicted anxiety and depression. Results: The anxiety and depression prevalence rates of lung cancer patients were 43.5% and 57.1%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, patients without surgery, who were young, or who received radiotherapy were more likely to experience anxiety. Patients without surgery, who were young, or who had late-stage cancer, were more likely to experience depression. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of both anxiety and depression were lack of surgery and young and middle age (＜65, especially 45–65 years). Conclusion: Anxiety and depression were very common in lung cancer patients. Lack of surgery, young, and middle age, were independent risk factors for anxiety and depression. Therefore, medical workers should pay close attention to the emotional changes of young or middle-aged patients, or patients without the chance to undergo surgery.

Prevalence and correlation of anxiety and depression on the prognosis of postoperative non-small-cell lung cancer patients in North China

“…Previous studies elucidate that anxiety and depression are highly prevalent in lung cancer patients. [ 5 , 10 , 14 , 15 ] In consistence with prior evidences, the present study observed that the anxiety and depression of NSCLC patients who underwent resection were much more prevalent and severe than HCs. The possible explanations might be that:…”

“…Various factors associated with the development of anxiety and depression in lung cancer patients are revealed previously, including sociodemographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and so on. [ 14 , 16 ] For example, 1 study illuminates that without surgery and younger age (<65 years) are correlated with higher risks of anxiety and depression in patients with lung cancers. [ 14 ] Another study reveals that dyspnoea and lower education level are associated with post-operative anxiety, and diabetes mellitus, residual postoperative pain (VAS ≥ 5) and dyspnoea are associated with postoperative depression in primary lung cancer patients who underwent thoracoscopic surgery.…”

“…[ 14 , 16 ] For example, 1 study illuminates that without surgery and younger age (<65 years) are correlated with higher risks of anxiety and depression in patients with lung cancers. [ 14 ] Another study reveals that dyspnoea and lower education level are associated with post-operative anxiety, and diabetes mellitus, residual postoperative pain (VAS ≥ 5) and dyspnoea are associated with postoperative depression in primary lung cancer patients who underwent thoracoscopic surgery. [ 16 ] In the present study, we found that anxiety correlated with gender (female), marital status (single, divorced, and widowed vs married), hypertension, diabetes, poorer pathological differentiation, larger tumor size, LYN metastasis, advanced TNM stage and higher concentration of CEA in NSCLC patients; Depression correlated with marital status (single, divorced, and widowed vs married), employment status before surgery (employed), diabetes, poorer pathological differentiation, and advanced TNM stage.…”

Hospital anxiety and depression scale exhibits good consistency but shorter assessment time than Zung self-rating anxiety/depression scale for evaluating anxiety/depression in non-small cell lung cancer

“…The subsequent correlation analysis showed that SDS was consistent with HADS-D in detecting depression. In a previous study, the prevalence of anxiety in Chinese NSCLC patients was 43.5%, and the prevalence of depression was 57.1% using HADS, [ 16 ] which was numerically higher than that in the present study either detected by HADS or SAS/SDS. However, due to the difference in patients, treatment, and sample size, the horizontal comparison of data was of limited value.…”

“…[ 13 ] In the current management of NSCLC, maintaining the good psychological state as well as improving the quality of life are of equal importance with prolonging survival. [ 14 – 16 ] Thus, it is necessary to monitor the psychological distress of NSCLC patients.…”