<p>Perceived Risk of Weekly Cannabis Use, Past 30-Day Cannabis Use, and Frequency of Cannabis Use Among Pregnant Women in the United States</p>

Measuring cannabis-related knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, motivations, and influences among women of reproductive age: a scoping review

“…Of included studies, 3 were conducted in Canada [ 13 , 26 , 27 ] and 8 were conducted in the United States [ 14 , 25 , 28 – 32 ]. About 81% of studies (n = 9) were published in the past 4 years [ 12 , 13 , 25 – 28 , 30 – 32 ]. Studies included samples of women in various life stages; two studies included non-pregnant women only [ 29 , 32 ] and one included women experiencing infertility only [ 27 ].…”

“…Studies included samples of women in various life stages; two studies included non-pregnant women only [ 29 , 32 ] and one included women experiencing infertility only [ 27 ]. A majority of studies included women in the perinatal period (n = 8), with some studies specifically focusing on pregnant women (n = 4) [ 12 , 13 , 28 , 30 ] or postpartum women (n = 3) [ 14 , 26 , 31 ]. Most studies (n = 8) recruited women from clinics or hospital settings [ 12 – 14 , 26 , 28 – 30 , 32 ], with 2 studies performing secondary data analyses reporting data from national surveillance systems in the United States [ 30 , 31 ].…”

“…Measurement domains among included studies were perceptions (n = 8) [ 13 , 14 , 25 , 27 – 32 ], knowledge (n = 3) [ 12 , 25 , 26 ], attitudes (n = 2) [ 26 , 28 ], intentions [ 12 ], and motivations [ 12 ]. More specifically, studies aimed to measure how information received from health care providers influenced cannabis-related decision making [ 13 ], attitudes and experiences about using cannabis during childbirth or labor [ 26 ], perceptions of cannabis use on infertility [ 27 ], risk perceptions of cannabis use [ 14 , 28 , 30 ], negative expectancies associated with cannabis use [ 29 ], perceptions of cannabis use and the sexual experience [ 32 ], views on cannabis legalization [ 12 , 28 ], potential influence of legalization on cannabis use [ 12 ], knowledge of potential harms [ 12 , 28 ], and motivations for cannabis cessation [ 12 ]. Of studies examining risk perceptions of cannabis use, 4 examined perceptions associated with prenatal cannabis use [ 12 , 14 , 28 , 30 ], and one examined risk perceptions among postpartum, breastfeeding women [ 31 ].…”

“…Most studies created their own survey on women’s cannabis-related knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and motivations (n = 7) [ 12 – 14 , 27 , 28 , 30 , 32 ] and did not report evaluating psychometric properties of included measures. However, only one study mentioned piloting the survey for validation purposes [ 27 ].…”

A Review of Associations between Externalizing Behaviors and Prenatal Cannabis Exposure: Limitations & Future Directions

“…Third, the NSDUH has reported increased rates of co-occurring substance use among a sample of pregnant and nonpregnant women. The data reflects a 2-3 times increased risk of using cannabis in women who used other drugs of abuse such as tobacco, alcohol, and other illicit drugs [1,87]. Thus, it is necessary to understand the impact co-occurring substance use has on behavioral development as both a maternal risk factor and additive teratogen.…”