<p>Optimized Production of the Allylamine Antifungal “Terbinafine” by <em>Lysinibacillus</em> Isolate MK212927 Using Response Surface Methodology</p>

Abstract

Purpose: We aimed to optimize the factors affecting the production of the allylamine antifungal, terbinafine, by Lysinibacillus isolate MK212927, a natural producer of this broadspectrum fungicidal compound. Methods: We employed a central composite design to optimize the five most important variables influencing the production of terbinafine which were carbon source, nitrogen source, temperature, pH and agitation. Results: The optimum conditions were found to be starch 5 g/L, ammonium chloride 5 g/L, temperature 32°C, agitation 150 rpm and pH 7. The actual response (inhibition zone diameter) was highly comparable to the value predicted by the model, indicating a valid model. Using the standard calibration curve of terbinafine, the optimized conditions resulted in an increase in the antifungal metabolite production (terbinafine) by about 1.6-fold (1814.662 µg/mL compared to 1165.550 µg/mL under standardized conditions). Conclusion: This is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, on optimized production of terbinafine by Lysinibacillus species. Hence, these findings may be useful as baseline data for scaling up the production of terbinafine from a natural microbial source.

Lysinibacillus Isolate MK212927: A Natural Producer of Allylamine Antifungal ‘Terbinafine’

“…Additionally, we have described for the first time the significant inhibitory effect of this antifungal metabolite against clinical isolates of the human pathogenic fungi C. albicans and A. niger. The optimized factors affecting the production of this metabolite were reported in our previous study [ 42 ].…”

Exploring the Nature of the Antimicrobial Metabolites Produced by Paenibacillus ehimensis Soil Isolate MZ921932 Using a Metagenomic Nanopore Sequencing Coupled with LC-Mass Analysis

“…Soil, a good habitat for antimicrobial production, is an important origin for antimicrobial discovery as Streptomyces species isolated from the soil proved to be the source of the streptomycin antibiotic [ 16 , 21 ]. Previous literature highlighted the potential of antimicrobial discovery from different species of Paenibacillus [ 9 ] as well as from different soil organisms [ 22 , 23 ]. In the present study, Paenibacillus ehimensis was isolated from the soil collected from Jabal Al-twailat, Dahab, Egypt.…”

Optimization of antifungal activity by Bacillus subtilis isolate CCASU 2021-4 using Response Surface Methodology

“…About 1 mL from this culture was then centrifuged then the obtained cells, after washing with normal saline, were resuspended in the production media to obtain a final count of 1 x 10 7 cfu/mL. The medium used for production was prepared according to Sayed et al [22] and Singh et al [23] and consisted of : 5 g/L starch, 6 g/L Na 2 HPO4, 3g/L K 2 HPO4, 0.2 g/L CaCl2, 0.5 g/L NaCl, 5 g/L NH 4 Cl, 0.12 g/L MgSO 4 and distilled H 2 O to 1 L. The pH was adjusted using KOH pellets to pH 7. From the seed culture, one milliliter was used to inoculate each 30 mL of the medium of then incubated at 200 rpm and 28 °C.…”

“…The equation of a standard calibration curve of standard terbinafine (Lamisil®) designed in our previous study [22] was used to calculate antifungal concentration as follows: Y= 0.0169 X + 5.0022, Where X is the concentration of the antifungal metabolite(s) (µg/mL) and Y is IZ diameter (mm).…”

“…Carbon and nitrogen sources are vital components in the medium for bacterial growth and metabolite production [35]. The media optimized in our previous study was selected as production media for the efficient antifungal metabolite(s) production from the tested isolate [22]. Earlier studies showed an improved secondary metabolite production exploiting complex carbon sources like starch [36].…”