<p>Nanocarrier-Based Therapeutics and Theranostics Drug Delivery Systems for Next Generation of Liver Cancer Nanodrug Modalities</p>

Abstract

The development of therapeutics and theranostic nanodrug delivery systems have posed a challenging task for the current researchers due to the requirement of having various nanocarriers and active agents for better therapy, imaging, and controlled release of drugs efficiently in one platform. The conventional liver cancer chemotherapy has many negative effects such as multiple drug resistance (MDR), high clearance rate, severe side effects, unwanted drug distribution to the specific site of liver cancer and low concentration of drug that finally reaches liver cancer cells. Therefore, it is necessary to develop novel strategies and novel nanocarriers that will carry the drug molecules specific to the affected cancerous hepatocytes in an adequate amount and duration within the therapeutic window. Therapeutics and theranostic systems have advantages over conventional chemotherapy due to the high efficacy of drug loading or drug encapsulation efficiency, high cellular uptake, high drug release, and minimum side effects. These nanocarriers possess high drug accumulation in the tumor area while minimizing toxic effects on healthy tissues. This review focuses on the current research on nanocarrier-based therapeutics and theranostic drug delivery systems excluding the negative consequences of nanotechnology in the field of drug delivery systems. However, clinical developments of theranostics nanocarriers for liver cancer are considered outside of the scope of this article. This review discusses only the recent developments of nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems for liver cancer therapy and diagnosis. The negative consequences of individual nanocarrier in the drug delivery system will also not be covered in this review.

Biodistribution PET/CT Study of Hemoglobin-DFO-89Zr Complex in Healthy and Lung Tumor-Bearing Mice

“…Various nanocarriers tested for liver cancer have shown importance for solving these problems. Development of a variety of nanotechnology platforms (e.g., theranostic, where an isotope is used), therefore has considerable promise as the next generation of medicine that enables early detection of disease, simultaneous monitoring and treatment and targeted therapy with minimal toxicity to diagnose and treat liver issues [33]. The findings of this manuscript are therefore important for the field of drug delivery research.…”

Drug Resistance in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Tumor Targeted Nanomedicine to the Rescue

“…Novel drug delivery technologies encapsulating chemotherapeutics are extensively explored to target and treat cancer [ 98 , 99 ]. Nanocarriers, such as nanoparticles, liposomes, and micelles have been employed for cancer targeting, treatment, diagnosis, and imaging [ 100 ].…”

A Pegylated Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide PEG Complex to Boost Immunogenic and Therapeutic Effects in a Liver Cancer Model

“…The percentage of liver cancer patients is highest in the uppermost in Asia and Africa, and conversely the lowest prevalence in Europe 1 . The common type of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 2 . Some 75-90% of liver cancers are recognized as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or malignant hepatomas, and it is the most frequent liver cancer 1 .…”

“…Some 75-90% of liver cancers are recognized as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or malignant hepatomas, and it is the most frequent liver cancer 1 . There are several limitations to conventional overtures for liver cancer therapy 2 . Nanocarriers are capable of high drug loading capacity and stability, excellent tolerability, drug degradation, reduced multidrug resistance, controlled release and sustained delivery of anticancer drugs.…”