&lt;p&gt;Multidrug-resistant &lt;em&gt;Shigella&lt;/em&gt; infection in pediatric patients with diarrhea from central Iran&lt;/p&gt;

Abbasi, Elnaz; Abtahi, Hamid; Belkum, Alex van; Ghaznavi‐Rad, Ehsanollah

doi:10.2147/idr.s203654

Cited by 39 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…AmpC genes (bla CMY−2 , bla CIT , bla ACC , bla FOX , bla MOX and bla DHA ) were identified by PCR as well (8).…”

Section: Genotypic Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCR of the qnr determinant genes qnrS, qnrA, and qnrB was performed to amplify the plasmidmediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) targets. Mutations in the gyrA and parC genes of the quinolone-resistant E. col isolates were identified using DNA sequencing (8). Quaternary ammonium compounds (qac) resistance genes were investigated using PCR (8).…”

Section: Genotypic Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To investigate the presence of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons, PCR was performed as previously described (8).…”

Section: Integron Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of outbreaks of diarrhea and dysentery in central Iran, especially in the summer, is very high in pediatrics (8), but the prevalence of DEC and antibiotic resistance in this region is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-drug-resistant diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes in pediatric patients with gastroenteritis from central Iran

Abbasi

Mondanizadeh

Belkum

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is a significant cause of gastroenteritis and a major public health problem. This study investigates the prevalence and the antibiotic resistance patterns of DEC that were isolated from infectious diarrhea samples of pediatric patients from central Iran.Methods Pediatric diarrhea samples were collected from 230 pediatric patients visiting the hospital. E. coli pathotypes were diagnosed by using conventional culture methods and PCR. Antibiotic resistance profiles, the frequency of multi-drug resistance (MDR), and the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of extended spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC and integron-associated genes were analyzed.Results Of the 230 samples of infectious diarrhea, 91 (39.5%) produced E. coli isolates. Of these, 32 cases (35.1%) were identified as DEC by culture and PCR. The frequency of the E. coli pathotypes obtained was as follows: EAEC 11/32 (34.3%), EPEC 9/32 (28.1%), ETEC 6/32 (18.7%), EIEC 3/32 (9.3%), and EHEC 3/32 (9.3%). The antibiotic resistance rates were greater for nalidixic acid (30/32; 93.7%), ampicillin (29/32; 90.6%), and tetracycline (25/32; 78.1%) than for any of the other tested antibiotics. High levels of MDR (25/32; 78.1%) and the presence of ESBL (18/32; 56.2%) and AmpC (9/32; 28.1%) were observed in the DEC isolates. The isolates showed a higher frequency of the ESBL genes [ bla TEM (18/18; 100%), bla CTX-M15 (17/18; 94.4%)], and AmpC [ bla CIT (4/9; 44.4%) and bla DHA (4/9; 44.4%)] than of the other ESBL and AmpC genes.Conclusion DEC appeared to be the second-most abundant agent of diarrhea in pediatric patients after Campylobacter jejuni , with frequent MDR and ESBL presence.

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“…AmpC genes (bla CMY−2 , bla CIT , bla ACC , bla FOX , bla MOX and bla DHA ) were identified by PCR as well (8).…”

Section: Genotypic Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genotypic Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To investigate the presence of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons, PCR was performed as previously described (8).…”

Section: Integron Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-drug-resistant diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes in pediatric patients with gastroenteritis from central Iran

Abbasi

Mondanizadeh

Belkum

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In summary, oral inoculation of infant rabbits with Shigella provides a feasible small animal model to study the pathogenesis of this globally important enteric pathogen. The model should also be useful to test new therapeutics for shigellosis, an issue of increasing importance given the development of Shigella strains with increasing resistance to multiple antibiotics (73–76).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An oral inoculation infant rabbit model forShigellainfection

Kuehl

D’Gama

Warr

et al. 2019

Preprint

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250 words max) 18 Shigella species cause diarrheal disease globally. Shigellosis is typically characterized by 19 bloody stools and colitis with mucosal damage and is the leading bacterial cause of diarrheal 20 death worldwide. Following oral ingestion, the pathogen invades and replicates within the 21 colonic epithelium through mechanisms that rely on its type III secretion system (T3SS). 22 Currently, oral infection-based small animal models to study the pathogenesis of shigellosis are 23 lacking. Here, we found that oro-gastric inoculation of infant rabbits with S. flexneri resulted in 24 diarrhea and colonic pathology resembling that found in human shigellosis. Fasting animals 25 prior to S. flexneri inoculation increased the frequency of disease. The pathogen colonized the 26 colon, where both luminal and intraepithelial foci were observed. The intraepithelial foci likely 27 arise through S. flexneri spreading from cell-to-cell. Robust S. flexneri intestinal colonization, 28 invasion of the colonic epithelium, and epithelial sloughing all required the T3SS as well as IcsA, 29 a factor required for bacterial spreading and adhesion in vitro. Expression of the 30 proinflammatory chemokine IL-8, detected with in situ mRNA labeling, was higher in animals 31 infected with wild-type S. flexneri versus mutant strains deficient in icsA or T3SS, suggesting 32 that epithelial invasion promotes expression of this chemokine. Collectively, our findings 33 suggest that oral infection of infant rabbits offers a useful experimental model for studies of the 34 pathogenesis of shigellosis and for testing of new therapeutics. 35 42 dependent on the S. flexneri type III secretion system and IcsA, canonical Shigella virulence 43 factors. Thus, oral infection of infant rabbits offers a feasible model to study the pathogenesis 44 of shigellosis and to develop and test new therapeutics. 45 48 life-threatening (1). This enteric pathogen, which is spread by the fecal-oral route between 49 humans, does not have an animal reservoir or vector (1). Annually, Shigella infections cause 50 tens of millions of diarrhea cases and ~200,000 deaths (2, 3). It is likely the leading cause of 51 diarrheal mortality worldwide in individuals older than 5 years (2, 3). Most Shigella infections 52 are attributable to S. flexneri, one of the four Shigella species, although in developed nations 53the prevalence of S. sonnei is higher (4-7). 54 The pathogen primarily causes colonic pathology that usually includes mucosal 55 ulceration and erosion due to sloughing of epithelial cells, and is typically characterized by 56 acute inflammation, with recruitment of neutrophils and plasma cells, congestion of blood 57 vessels, distorted crypt architecture, and hemorrhage (8, 9). While inflammatory responses to 58 Shigella invasion of colonic epithelial cells were thought to be the underlying cause of epithelial 59 cell destruction and hemorrhage, recent evidence suggests that pathogen-mediated 60 destruction of epithelial cells also plays a role in...

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Diversity of the microbial community and antioxidant activity during fermentation of red raspberry Enzymes

Yao

Wang

2020

Food Science & Nutrition

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The diversity and succession of microbial community and antioxidant activity present during the preparation of red raspberry Enzymes with and without starter cultures were investigated by high‐throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and ITS1 genes and correlation analysis of the microbial diversity and antioxidant activity. The results showed that the sample inoculated with mixed fermentation had higher antioxidant activity than the sample without inoculated fermentation. The antioxidant capacity of red raspberry Enzymes increased significantly as the fermentation time increased. Firmicutes and Ascomycota were the predominant phyla of bacteria and fungi in all samples. At the genus level, Rhodococcus and Lactobacillus were the predominating bacteria throughout the fermentation process. The genus Kodamaea dominated the fungal community of early‐fermentation samples with microbial inoculated fermentation. Candida spp. grew rapidly in the late stage of fermentation in the samples with spontaneous fermentation. Unweighted pair‐group and PCA analysis revealed that the microbiota structures differed between the two groups. RDA and CCA showed that Rhodococcus and Kodamaea had positive effects on the DPPH scavenging ability and other antioxidant indicators, and the total phenol content had a significant and positive correlation coefficient with Gluconobacter. The results indicated that the fermentation by microorganisms significantly improves the oxidation resistance and helps to improve the quality of the red raspberry Enzymes.

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<p>Multidrug-resistant <em>Shigella</em> infection in pediatric patients with diarrhea from central Iran</p>

Cited by 39 publications

References 40 publications

Multi-drug-resistant diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes in pediatric patients with gastroenteritis from central Iran

Multi-drug-resistant diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes in pediatric patients with gastroenteritis from central Iran

An oral inoculation infant rabbit model forShigellainfection

Diversity of the microbial community and antioxidant activity during fermentation of red raspberry Enzymes

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