<p>Lumbrokinase effects on pro- and anti-apoptotic gene expression in Wistar rats with testicular torsion</p>

Abstract

BackgroundTesticular reperfusion is believed to be the mechanism by which testicular injury occurs in the ischemic testis. This study was performed to determine the therapeutic efficacy of lumbrokinase for treating ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury-induced bilateral testicular torsion.MethodsTwenty-four male rats were equally divided into the following groups: torsion only (T), torsion plus lumbrokinase (TL), torsion-detorsion only (TD) and torsion-detorsion plus lumbrokinase (TDL) groups. The right testicle in each groups sample was rotated 720° for 4 h, followed by orchiectomy. The rats in the TD (TD and TDL) groups additionally underwent detorsion for 1 h after the initial rotation. Testicular tissues were collected for measuring anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) and pro-apoptotic BCL-2-associated X protein (BAX) gene expression levels using real-time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsPro- and anti-apoptotic gene expression levels were increased in the TD groups. Lumbrokinase was significantly effective in lowering BAX expression levels, particularly those in the TDL group compared with those in the TD group (P<0.05). Lumbrokinase did not significant change BCL-2 expression levels.ConclusionThe administration of lumbrokinase before orchiectomy can protect against IR-induced testicular damage by reducing pro-apoptotic gene expression levels.

Apoptotic balance during testicular detorsion after one hour induced torsion in rats

“…In contrast, reperfusion could timedependently ameliorate this pathological impact of TT. In the second step, we tried to uncover the reason for severe cell damage inflammatory reactions (Yapanoglu et al, 2017), cytokines (Zhou et al, 2014), endocrine suppression (Ameli et al, 2018;Romeo et al, 2010), and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis (Danarto et al, 2019;Shamsi-Gamchi et al, 2021;Sukhotnik et al, 2009) in spermatogenesis arrest after torsion. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate anti/proapoptotic proteins level post-reperfusion in order to find a possible ameliorative time after the performance of TD.…”

Effects of hypothermia and pentoxifylline on the adnexal torsion/detorsion injuries in a rat testis model

“…Findings showed that cell survival, death signals and apoptosis are induced and integrated by the proteins of the Bcl‑2 family that are considered to be the anti‑apoptotic proteins. On the contrary, the highest expression level of pro‑apoptotic protein Bax would mediate a great rate of apoptosis (Danarto et al., 2019). Considering the expression of Bax and Bcl‐2, the rate of oxidative stress‐induced cell death in testicular tissue of male rats with torsion–detorsion was assessed.…”

“…Earlier research illustrated the above procedures. After that, testicular torsion has been kept in the T/D groups for 4 hr (Ameli et al., 2018; Danarto et al., 2019), and consequently, detorsion has been done and kept for a week (Moghimian et al., 2017). At the end of the operation, buprenorphine (0.02 mg/kg) as analgesics was injected.…”

Pathophysiology and management of testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury: Lessons from animal models

“… [ 225 ] Rat model Scrotal fixation with suture 2 h Scrotal midline incicion 2 h Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) Daily for a week prior to torsion/detorsion Oral 100 mg/kg GSPE ↓MDA, AOPP, eNOS, apoptotic cells, and ↑ tubular diameter and spermatogenesis [ 226 ] Rat model ? 2 h Left-sided inguinal incision 6 h, 24 h, 3 months Honokiol Immediately before detorsion i.p 5 and 10 mg/kg Honokiol↓ PARP, caspase 3, caspase 7, and ER stress-related molecules like Phospho eIF2α and CHOP [ 227 ] Rat model Suture 4 h Scrotal midline incicion 1 h Lumbrokinase At reperfusion Intragstric using a sonde tube 80 mg/kg Lumbrokinase ↓ Bax [ 228 ] Rat model Scrotal fixation with suture 4 h Scrotal midline incision 24 h Matricaria chamomile ethanolic plant extract 30 min before detorsion i.p 300 mg/kg Matricaria chamomile ethanolic plant extract [ 229 ] Rat model Scrotal fixation with suture 3 h Right scrotal incision 3 h Osthole ...…”