“…(Apocynaceae) with 30-40 species globally (Rodda, 2016) is distributed in India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, the Malesian region and Australia (Swarupanandan et al, 1989;Forster, 1992). In Thailand, nine species are recorded (Thaithong et al, 2018;Kidyoo, 2019;Agnihotri et al, 2019;Kidyoo & Thaithong, 2019;Thammarong et al, 2020). In neighbouring Laos, four species of Heterostemma were previously recorded (Newman et al, 2007;Jin et al, 2016;Thammarong et al, 2019;Thammarong et al, 2020).…”