<p><strong><em>Chascolytrum serranum</em></strong><em> </em><strong>(Poaceae: Pooideae: Poeae: Calothecinae), a new microendemic species from Campos de Cima da Serra, southern Brazil</strong></p>

Abstract

Chascolytrum serranum, a new species of C. sect. Hildaea restricted to Serra Geral National Park and surroundings, in Cambará do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to C. ambiguum and C. juergensii var. angustilemma, but is distinguished from them mainly by having paleas more than 2/3 the length of the lemmas (up to 2/3 the length of the lemmas in C. ambiguum and C. juergensii var. angustilemma), glabrous and smooth lemmas (strigose in C. juergensii var. angustilemma), and puberulous paleas (glabrous in C. ambiguum). The species can be recognized in the field by the purplish and shiny spikelets. It inhabits river banks and, less frequently, swamps.

A comprehensive species sampling sheds light on the molecular phylogenetics of Calothecinae (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae): Evidence for a new subtribe and multiple genera within the Chascolytrum clade

“…Due to these differences, we propose recognizing Laegaardia and Paramochloa in the new subtribe Paramochloinae, thus restricting Calothecinae to Chascolytrum s.l., T. brasiliense , and T. bulbosum . Paramochloinae is confined to the northwestern South American Páramos (Peterson et al, 2019; Sylvester et al, 2019, under Calamagrostis ), whereas Calothecinae has a wider distribution, with higher diversity in Southern South America (Essi et al, 2017; da Silva et al, 2020a, 2020b; under Chascolytrum ). Paramochloinae is part of supersubtribe Agrostidodinae, along with Agrostidinae, Brizinae, Calothecinae, and Echinopogoninae.…”

“…Chascolytrum subaristatum is a polymorphic and widely distributed species, with a complex taxonomic background. For example, Essi et al (2017) included several taxa previously accepted by Longhi‐Wagner (1987) in its synonymy, and, more recently, da Silva et al (2020a, 2020b) segregated Chascolytrum erectum from it. Further studies of C. subaristatum morphological variation and including Chascolytrum altimontanum Essi, Souza‐Chies & Longhi‐Wagner, which is likely part of this clade but not sampled here, in a phylogenetic analysis may be helpful for better understanding the relationships among these taxa.…”

“…Chascolytrum is the largest genus of Calothecinae and currently includes 24 species and two varieties, all native to the Americas (da Silva et al, 2020b). Its highest species diversity is concentrated in the southern Brazilian grasslands (Essi & da Silva, 2018; da Silva et al, 2020a), and the commonest species, Chascolytrum subaristatum Desv., occurs widely in subtropical and temperate regions of South America, extending north to Mexico and occurring as adventitious in Australia (Essi et al, 2017).…”