“…Articles excluded were 57 reviews, 78 articles without prescribing patterns, 53 that came from outside the Gulf region, and 128 articles with outcomes other than inappropriateness; the remaining 18 articles were included. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] In the second step, a total of 2453 articles were searched, and after removing duplications 2357 were from PubMed, two from Embase and one from Elsevier. Nine hundred and one articles were excluded based on the abstract, and 1349 based on the title; 110 articles were included and studied thoroughly.…”
Section: Results and Findings General Characteristicsmentioning
Purpose This meta-analysis aims to evaluate inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in the Gulf region and determine the effect of pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes on reducing inappropriateness. Method Articles were searched, analysed, and quality assessed through the risk of bias (ROB) quality assessment tool to select articles with a low level of bias. In step 1, 515 articles were searched, in step 2, 2360 articles were searched, and ultimately 32 articles were included by critical analysis. Statistical analysis used to determine risk ratio and standard mean differences were calculated using Review manager 5.4; 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the fixed-effect model. The I 2 statistic assessed heterogeneity. In statistical heterogeneity, subgroup and sensitivity analyses, a random effect model was performed. The α threshold was 0.05. The primary outcome was inappropriateness in antibiotic prescribing in the Gulf region and reduction of inappropriateness through AMS. Result Detailed review and analysis of 18 studies of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in the Gulf region showed the risk of inappropriateness was 43 669/100 846=43.3% (pooled RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.32). Test with overall effect was 58.87; in the second step 28 AMS programmes led by pharmacists showed reduced inappropriateness in AMS with pharmacist versus pre-AMS without pharmacist (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.39). Conclusion Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in the Gulf region is alarming and needs to be addressed through pharmacist-led AMS programmes.
“…Articles excluded were 57 reviews, 78 articles without prescribing patterns, 53 that came from outside the Gulf region, and 128 articles with outcomes other than inappropriateness; the remaining 18 articles were included. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] In the second step, a total of 2453 articles were searched, and after removing duplications 2357 were from PubMed, two from Embase and one from Elsevier. Nine hundred and one articles were excluded based on the abstract, and 1349 based on the title; 110 articles were included and studied thoroughly.…”
Section: Results and Findings General Characteristicsmentioning
Purpose This meta-analysis aims to evaluate inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in the Gulf region and determine the effect of pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes on reducing inappropriateness. Method Articles were searched, analysed, and quality assessed through the risk of bias (ROB) quality assessment tool to select articles with a low level of bias. In step 1, 515 articles were searched, in step 2, 2360 articles were searched, and ultimately 32 articles were included by critical analysis. Statistical analysis used to determine risk ratio and standard mean differences were calculated using Review manager 5.4; 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the fixed-effect model. The I 2 statistic assessed heterogeneity. In statistical heterogeneity, subgroup and sensitivity analyses, a random effect model was performed. The α threshold was 0.05. The primary outcome was inappropriateness in antibiotic prescribing in the Gulf region and reduction of inappropriateness through AMS. Result Detailed review and analysis of 18 studies of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in the Gulf region showed the risk of inappropriateness was 43 669/100 846=43.3% (pooled RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.32). Test with overall effect was 58.87; in the second step 28 AMS programmes led by pharmacists showed reduced inappropriateness in AMS with pharmacist versus pre-AMS without pharmacist (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.39). Conclusion Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in the Gulf region is alarming and needs to be addressed through pharmacist-led AMS programmes.
“…Additionally, Scaioli et al [ 26 ] recommended creating more awareness on this topic during degree courses to prepare for when students become medical doctors and are able to prescribe these drugs. One effective strategy recommended by Alzahrani et al [ 17 ] and O’Neill [ 29 ] to combat incorrect antibiotics use consists in continuing education to improve knowledge and awareness of both professionals and the general population.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The conceptual framework that represents this work was based on the findings of previous studies in this area, as described by Dyar et al [ 17 ], Napolitano et al [ 20 ], Rábano-Blanco et al [ 21 ], and Xia et al [ 22 ], on the diagnosis for antibiotic use and management by the health community and how knowledge and concerns surrounding the issue need to be evaluated to try to raise awareness of antibiotic use, resistance, and stewardship. To identify the professional groups to include, the advantages of targeting individual researchers and institutions from academia, industry, and practitioners [ 14 ], like students, teachers, researchers, and technicians, were taken into account.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A key public health priority on a global scale is thus to conserve antibiotics by optimizing how they are prescribed and taken in order to reduce AMR spread [ 4 ] and to introduce educational initiatives to encourage the coherent and proper use of antibiotics [ 16 , 17 ]. Future research may be needed to evaluate the prescription of antibiotics in both regular and emergency services, as well as on the knowledge and awareness of health professionals [ 17 ]. For example, the promotion of appropriate antibiotic stewardship for pet owners and vets may offer a viable pathway for planning interventions, benefitting from synergies with other interventions that target prescribers [ 9 ].…”
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an urgent and complex problem worldwide, exacerbated by the frequently inappropriate use of antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to survey the levels of knowledge and awareness about antibiotic use and stewardship, among human and veterinary health professionals or students in Portugal, and the associations between antibiotic knowledge factors and socio-professional groups. In cross-sectional survey design, a total of 449 online structured questionnaires were completed in 2018–2019. The statistical analysis was performed dividing the respondents into four groups, A (undergraduate students), B (PhD students and researchers), C (lecturers), and D (technicians and other occupation). Among all respondents, 17% (n = 75) revealed some gap in knowledge about antibiotic resistance and the antibiotics that should be administered for different infection types (bacterial, viral, or fungal). Of the 159 pet owners among the respondents, only half had administered antibiotics to their animal and 64% (n = 102) knew that veterinary prescription is mandatory when administering antibiotics to animals. All groups statistically agreed that the AMR is a major public health problem and the antibiotics should be administrated for bacterial infections and used until the whole pack has been finished (p = 0.00). As expected, only groups B and C demonstrated a higher level of knowledge to recognize the antibiotic name and their active ingredient than undergraduate students (p = 0.00). About the antibiotic use on pets, only group B was statistically significant to no used antibiotics on their pets (p = 0.00). However, groups A, C, and D were statistically significant for the knowledge about the mandatory veterinarian prescription and groups C and D were significantly statistics for fully aware of the transmission of bacteria between animals and humans. In conclusion, in matters related to AMR, the behavior, education, and training of the general public and health professionals, including those who prescribe antibiotics for humans and animals, need to be improved.
“…Various factors like sex, specialty, years of practice, having own children, hours spent over treating children played a significant role in deciding various strategies related to pain and infection control in children and adolescents. [ 7 8 9 10 11 12 ]…”
Introduction:
Oral and dental health form an integral part of complete well being of an individual and society at large. Promoting oral health and societal progression go hand in hand.
Aim:
To investigate dentists' attitudes about pain and infection control while treating children and adolescents by assessing their recommendations of pre- and postoperative analgesics and antibiotics, and use of local anesthesia (LA) for definitive treatment in different clinical scenarios.
Materials and Method:
A total of 400 dentists, both general dental practitioners (GDPS) as well as specialist dentists, were surveyed over a period of 2 months by using a pre-tested close-ended questionnaire. The data was statistically analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square test and backward logistic regression analysis for analysis of categorical variables and independent variables, respectively. Level of significance was set at 5%.
Results:
It was found that there was a gross overuse of antibiotics and analgesics and under use of LA by GDPs compared to specialist dentists. Postoperative antibiotics and analgesics were used more commonly than preoperative antibiotics and analgesics. These strategies were used more often in permanent teeth than primary teeth except the use of LA, which was used with equal frequency in both primary as well as permanent dentition.
Conclusion:
Dependence on antibiotics and analgesics for achieving pain and infection control in children has to be minimized and focus has to be shifted on judicious definitive treatment involving use of LA, aseptic techniques, and behavior management techniques.
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