&lt;p&gt;Immune checkpoint inhibitors for small cell lung cancer: opportunities and challenges&lt;/p&gt;

Regzedmaa, Orgilmaa; Zhang, Hongbing; Liu, Hongyu

doi:10.2147/ott.s204577

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…In addition, different targeted antibodies and immunomodulators are currently used for the treatment of lung cancer (237,238). However, a high percentage of patients do not respond or develop resistance to treatment promoting cancer progression (239,240). MDSCs represent, together with Tregs as well as TAMs, the major immunosuppressive cells that make up the TME in lung cancer patients (241).…”

Section: Mdscs In Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The New Era of Cancer Immunotherapy: Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to Overcome Immune Evasion

2020

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Suppression of antitumor immune responses is one of the main mechanisms by which tumor cells escape from destruction by the immune system. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent the main immunosuppressive cells present in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that sustain cancer progression. MDSCs are a heterogeneous group of immature myeloid cells with a potent activity against T-cell. Studies in mice have demonstrated that MDSCs accumulate in several types of cancer where they promote invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis formation and inhibit antitumor immunity. In addition, different clinical studies have shown that MDSCs levels in the peripheral blood of cancer patients correlates with tumor burden, stage and with poor prognosis in multiple malignancies. Thus, MDSCs are the major obstacle to many cancer immunotherapies and their targeting may be a beneficial strategy for improvement the efficiency of immunotherapeutic interventions. However, the great heterogeneity of these cells makes their identification in human cancer very challenging. Since both the phenotype and mechanisms of action of MDSCs appear to be tumor-dependent, it is important to accurately characterized the precise MDSC subsets that have clinical relevance in each tumor environment to more efficiently target them. In this review we summarize the phenotype and the suppressive mechanisms of MDSCs populations expanded within different tumor contexts. Further, we discuss about their clinical relevance for cancer diagnosis and therapy.

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Section: Mdscs In Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The New Era of Cancer Immunotherapy: Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to Overcome Immune Evasion

2020

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“…Due to the role of DPTs in the pathogenesis of several diseases, it seems promising to study the expression of inhibitory molecules such as PD-1 or CTLA-4. These molecules are currently targets of immunotherapy for different tumor conditions [30,31,32]. In previous reports, no other activation markers, such as CD38 or HLA-DR, were found in DPTs from healthy donors [7,10,22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Percentages of CD4+CD8+ double-positive T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of adults from a blood bank in Bogotá, Colombia

Gonzalez‐Mancera

Bolaños

Salamanca

et al. 2019

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Objective: CD4+CD8+ double-positive T-cells (DPTs) have been classified as a separate T-cell subpopulation, with two main phenotypes: CD4 high CD8 low and CD4 low CD8 high . In recent years, the relevance of DPTs in the pathogenesis of infections, tumors, and autoimmune diseases has been recognized. Reference values among healthy individuals remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide a reference value for DPTs in peripheral blood from healthy donors in a blood bank in Bogotá, Colombia, and to determine the activation status using a surface marker. Materials and Methods:One hundred healthy donors were enrolled in the study. Peripheral blood cells were stained for CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD154 (CD40L), and cellular viability was assessed with 7-aminoactinomycin D and analyzed by flow cytometry. Results:The median value for DPTs was 2.6% (interquartile range=1.70%-3.67%). Women had higher percentages of DPTs than men (3.3% vs. 2.1%). The subpopulation of CD4 low CD8 high showed higher expression of CD154 than the other T-cell subpopulations. Conclusion:DPT reference values were obtained from blood bank donors. A sex difference was found, and the CD4 low CD8 high subpopulation had the highest activation marker expression.Amaç: CD4+CD8+ çift pozitif T hücreleri (ÇPT) ayrı bir T hücre alt popülasyonu olarak iki temel fenotip ile sınıflandırılmaktadır: CD4 yüksek CD8 düşük ve CD4 düşük CD8 yüksek . Son yıllarda, ÇPT'lerin enfeksiyonlar, tümörler ve otoimmün hastalıkların patogenezi ile ilişkisi tanımlanmıştır. Sağlıklı bireyler arasında referans değerleri bilinmemektedir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmanın amacı, Kolombiya Bogota'daki bir kan bankasındaki sağlıklı vericilerden alınan periferik kandaki ÇPT'ler için bir referans değeri sağlamak ve bir yüzey belirteci kullanarak aktivasyon durumunu belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler:Çalışmaya yüz sağlıklı verici dahil edilmiştir. Periferik kan hücreleri CD3, CD4, CD8 ve CD154 (CD40L) için işaretlendi ve hücresel canlılık 7-aminoactinomycin D kullanarak akan hücre ölçer ile analiz edildi.Bulgular: ÇPT'ler için ortanca değer %2,6 (çeyrekler arası aralık=%1,70-%3,67) olarak saptandı. Kadınlarda ÇPT yüzdesi erkeklere göre daha yüksek bulundu (%3,3 karşı %2,1). CD4 düşük CD8 yüksek alt popülasyonu diğer T hücre alt popülasyonlarından daha yüksek CD154 ekspresyonu gösterdi.Sonuç: ÇPT referans değerleri kan bankası vericilerinden elde edilmiştir. Cinsiyetler arası fark ve CD4 düşük CD8 yüksek alt popülasyonunda da en yüksek aktivasyon belirteci ekspresyonu saptanmıştır.

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“…Different targeted immunotherapies are now being used in lung cancer patients including anti-PD-1 antibodies that have been recently approved for the treatment of SCLC (97–99). Nonetheless, a significant percentage of patients do not respond or develop resistance to treatment, leading to consequent cancer progression (96, 100, 101). ILC2s constitute the most prominent ILC subset in the respiratory tract under physiologic conditions, although their overall numbers are low (26).…”

Section: Ilc2s In Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

ILC2s: New Actors in Tumor Immunity

et al. 2019

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Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) represent the most recently identified family of innate lymphocytes that act as first responders, maintaining tissue homeostasis and protecting epithelial barriers. In the last few years, group 2 ILCs (ILC2s) have emerged as key regulators in several immunological processes such as asthma and allergy. Whilst ILC2s are currently being evaluated as novel targets for immunotherapy in these diseases, their involvement in tumor immunity has only recently begun to be deciphered. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the pleiotropic roles of ILC2s in different tumor settings. Furthermore, we discuss how different therapeutic approaches targeting ILC2s could improve the efficacy of current tumor immunotherapies.

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<p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors for small cell lung cancer: opportunities and challenges</p>

Cited by 25 publications

References 60 publications

The New Era of Cancer Immunotherapy: Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to Overcome Immune Evasion

The New Era of Cancer Immunotherapy: Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to Overcome Immune Evasion

Percentages of CD4+CD8+ double-positive T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of adults from a blood bank in Bogotá, Colombia

ILC2s: New Actors in Tumor Immunity

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