<p>High Burden of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria from Wastewater in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review</p>

Abstract

Background Currently, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) have become a serious global problem and considered as One Health challenge. Despite, wastewater contains a wide range of microbial pathogens and plays a significant role in the dissemination of ARB in the environment. However, it is the most overlooked in developing countries, particularly in Ethiopia. Methods Different article searching devices like PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were used to select research article by using the key terms. Hand search using a reference list is also used to retrieve the article. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guideline was used for literature search strategy, selection of publications, data extractions, and reporting result for the review process. Results A total of seven original research articles were included from a total of 35,999 research articles obtained from the different searching techniques. The selected articles were used, the same study design and laboratory methods to isolate different types of resistant bacteria. All studies isolate pathogenic bacteria and highlighted the presence of resistant bacteria for multiple antibiotics. Conclusion Multidrug resistance (MDR) bacteria were isolated from wastewater. This is an indication for the possible presence of pathogenic organisms that are discharged into the receiving environment probably waterbodies (lake and revers) posing risk to public health, animal, and environment. In Ethiopia the coverage of safe water supply is poor. This obligated the society to use untreated water from rivers, lakes and others. The outlet of most urban sewage from hospital, hotels, and industries are directly running to those water bodies due to lack of proper wastewater management system. Therefore ARB is a direct threat to those people that use those water bodies.

Distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of bacteria recovered from sewage system of health institutions found in Hawassa, Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia: A descriptive study

“…Similarly, a high proportion of Salmonella species, Shigella species, E. coli, and S. aureus were isolated from the hospital sewage of Hawassa University Referral Hospital. 11 In contrast to this study, the most predominant bacteria from the Al-Shifa hospital sewage system (Gaza) were Pseudomonas species (31.8%) followed by E. coli (21.5%), Klebsiella species (15%), and S. aureus (7.4%). 13 Some species of bacteria were not identified from all health institutions included in this study.…”

“… 9 On the contrary, the predominant bacteria identified from wastewater of hospitals located in Addis Ababa were E. coli (32%), Salmonella (23%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15%), and Enterobacter aerogenes (11%). 10 According to a systematic review conducted by Tesfahun et al, 11 all studies from different parts of Ethiopia reported pathogenic bacteria from wastes of health facilities.…”

Pendekatan One Health Manajemen Air Limbah Rumah Pemotongan Hewan Kota Tana Paser

“…Pendekatan One Health menekankan pentingnya sistem pemantauan untuk mendeteksi dan merespons potensi risiko kesehatan lingkungan, manusia, dan hewan yang terkait dengan air limbah RPH. Hal ini mencakup pengujian berkala terhadap sumber air untuk mencari patogen dan kontaminan lainnya, serta memantau kesehatan hewan dan manusia di daerah sekitarnya (Asfaw et al, 2020). Pendekatan One Health mengadvokasi pengembangan dan penerapan kebijakan dan peraturan yang mendorong manajemen air limbah RPH yang berkelanjutan dan bertanggung jawab.…”

A selective dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction technique for trace level pollutants enrichment of pharmaceutical residues from hospital wastewaters followed by liquid chromatographic analysis

“…Dissemination of antimicrobial resistance bacteria in the environment is a major problem in developing countries, mainly due to improper antibiotic usage, ineffective infection control program and lack of better management of hospital wastewater. In Ethiopia, rapid urbanization and industrialization with improper environmental planning often lead to the discharge of industrial and hospital sewage effluent directly to the environment [25]. The purpose of this study is thus to develop the DLLME method for determination of selected pharmaceutical trace residues in environmental wastewaters and applying it to wastewater sample analysis around the localities where the residues are contaminating the different environmental resources from selected hospitals in Addis Ababa.…”