<p>Her2-Targeted Multifunctional Nano-Theranostic Platform Mediates Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling and Immune Activation for Breast Cancer Treatment</p>
Abstract:Purpose
The treatment of breast cancer is often ineffective due to the protection of the tumor microenvironment and the low immunogenicity of tumor cells, leading to a poor therapeutic effect. In this study, we designed a nano-theranostic platform for these obstacles: a photothermal effect mediated by a gold shell could remodel the tumor microenvironment by decreasing cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and promote the release of doxorubicin (DOX) from nanoparticles. In addition, it could realize… Show more
“…injection, which was detected by MRI. Additionally, the gold shell-mediated photothermal effect led to remodeling of the tumor microenvironment by decreasing cancerassociated fibroblasts, which resulted in the improved antitumor efficacy of DOX [203]. NPs usually tend to accumulate in tumor tissues as a result of enhanced permeability and retention effect exerted by long-circulating nanoparticles.…”
Section: Recent Trends In Breast Cancer Theranosticsmentioning
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Early diagnosis and effective treatment of all types of cancers are crucial for a positive prognosis. Patients with small tumor sizes at the time of their diagnosis have a significantly higher survival rate and a significantly reduced probability of the cancer being fatal. Therefore, many novel technologies are being developed for early detection of primary tumors, as well as distant metastases and recurrent disease, for effective breast cancer management. Theranostics has emerged as a new paradigm for the simultaneous diagnosis, imaging, and treatment of cancers. It has the potential to provide timely and improved patient care via personalized therapy. In nanotheranostics, cell-specific targeting moieties, imaging agents, and therapeutic agents can be embedded within a single formulation for effective treatment. In this review, we will highlight the different diagnosis techniques and treatment strategies for breast cancer management and explore recent advances in breast cancer theranostics. Our main focus will be to summarize recent trends and technologies in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment as reported in recent research papers and patents and discuss future perspectives for effective breast cancer therapy.
“…injection, which was detected by MRI. Additionally, the gold shell-mediated photothermal effect led to remodeling of the tumor microenvironment by decreasing cancerassociated fibroblasts, which resulted in the improved antitumor efficacy of DOX [203]. NPs usually tend to accumulate in tumor tissues as a result of enhanced permeability and retention effect exerted by long-circulating nanoparticles.…”
Section: Recent Trends In Breast Cancer Theranosticsmentioning
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Early diagnosis and effective treatment of all types of cancers are crucial for a positive prognosis. Patients with small tumor sizes at the time of their diagnosis have a significantly higher survival rate and a significantly reduced probability of the cancer being fatal. Therefore, many novel technologies are being developed for early detection of primary tumors, as well as distant metastases and recurrent disease, for effective breast cancer management. Theranostics has emerged as a new paradigm for the simultaneous diagnosis, imaging, and treatment of cancers. It has the potential to provide timely and improved patient care via personalized therapy. In nanotheranostics, cell-specific targeting moieties, imaging agents, and therapeutic agents can be embedded within a single formulation for effective treatment. In this review, we will highlight the different diagnosis techniques and treatment strategies for breast cancer management and explore recent advances in breast cancer theranostics. Our main focus will be to summarize recent trends and technologies in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment as reported in recent research papers and patents and discuss future perspectives for effective breast cancer therapy.
“…HER2-DSG NPs (HER2-Doxorubicin-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles) were able to actively identify and target HER2-positive tumor cells and doxorubicin release. Moreover, NPs enhanced immunogenic cell death effect in vitro/in vivo, activating immune response and reducing CAFs' population, increasing NPs access to cancer cells and leading to a great antineoplastic effect [94].…”
Section: Cafs-and Her2-targeted Therapy Resistance In Her2-enriched Brcamentioning
Breast cancer (BrCa) is the leading cause of death among women worldwide, with about one million new cases diagnosed each year. In spite of the improvements in diagnosis, early detection and treatment, there is still a high incidence of mortality and failure to respond to current therapies. With the use of several well-established biomarkers, such as hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), as well as genetic analysis, BrCa patients can be categorized into multiple subgroups: Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched, and Basal-like, with specific treatment strategies. Although chemotherapy and targeted therapies have greatly improved the survival of patients with BrCa, there is still a large number of patients who relapse or who fail to respond. The role of the tumor microenvironment in BrCa progression is becoming increasingly understood. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the principal population of stromal cells in breast tumors. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of CAFs’ role in altering the tumor response to therapeutic agents as well as in fostering metastasis in BrCa. In addition, we also review the available CAFs-directed molecular therapies and their potential implications for BrCa management.
“…This implied that PIONs have a good ability to be imaged by MRI and can be used in clinical diagnosis. Thus, the combination of PA imaging technology and MRI can overcome the problem of insufficient resolution to a certain extent, which is a current research hotspot [ 50 , 54 ]. Fig.…”
The integration of photothermal therapy (PTT) with gene therapy (GT) in a single nanoscale platform demonstrates great potential in cancer therapy. Porous iron oxide nanoagents (PIONs) are widely used as magnetic nanoagents in the drug delivery field and also serve as a photothermal nanoagent for photothermal therapy. However, the therapeutic efficacy of PIONs-mediated GT has not been studied. The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) CRYBG3 (LNC CRYBG3), a lncRNA induced by heavy ion irradiation in lung cancer cells, has been reported to directly bind to globular actin (G-actin) and cause degradation of cytoskeleton and blocking of cytokinesis, thus indicating its potential for use in GT by simulating the effect of heavy ion irradiation and functioning as an antitumor drug. In the present study, we investigated the possibility of combining PIONs-mediated PTT and LNC CRYBG3-mediated GT to destroy non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells both
in vitro
and
in vivo
. The combination therapy showed a high cancer cell killing efficacy, and the cure rate was better than that achieved using PTT or GT alone. Moreover, as a type of magnetic nanoagent, PIONs can be used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) both
in vitro
and
in vivo
. These findings indicate that the new combination therapy has high potential for cancer treatment.
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