&lt;p&gt;Helminth Induced Immunoregulation and Novel Therapeutic Avenue of Allergy&lt;/p&gt;

Ayelign, Birhanu; Akalu, Yonas; Teferi, Banchamlak; Molla, Meseret Derbew; Shibabaw, Tewodros

doi:10.2147/jaa.s273556

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(169 reference statements)

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“…Nowadays, it is well known that helminths modulate the host's immune system in order to ensure both reproduction and longterm survival, and the filarial nematodes are no exception (Aravindhan and Anand, 2017;Moyat et al, 2019;Murthy, 2019;Ayelign et al, 2020). Using advanced flow cytometry, this study has addressed the characteristics of systemic CD8 + T-cell populations in different groups of individuals (EN, Wbinfected, and those with LE) living in endemic areas of lymphatic filariasis in the Upper East Region of Ghana.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Immune Profiles of Exhausted Effector and Memory CD8+ T Cells in Individuals With Filarial Lymphedema

Horn

Borrero-Wolff

Ritter

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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CD8+ T cells are crucial for the clearance of viral infections, and current research begins to highlight their importance in parasitic diseases too. In-depth research about characteristics of CD8+ T-cell subsets and exhaustion remains uncertain, especially during filariasis, a chronic helminth infection. Lymphatic filariasis, elicited by Wuchereria bancrofti, remains a serious health problem in endemic areas in Ghana, especially in those suffering from morbidity due to lymphedema (LE). In this observational study, the characteristics and profiles of CD8+ T cells were compared between asymptomatic Wuchereria bancrofti-infected individuals, uninfected endemic normals, and those with LE (grades 2–6). Focusing on exhausted memory (CD8+exmem: CD8+ T-betdimEomeshi) and effector (CD8+exeff: CD8+T-bethiEomesdim) CD8+ T-cell subsets, advanced flow cytometry revealed that LE individuals presented reduced frequencies of IFN-γ+CD8+exmem T cells expressing Tim-3 or LAG-3 which negatively correlated to the presence of LE. Moreover, the LE cohort further showed significantly higher frequencies of IL-10+CD8+exeff T cells expressing either Tim-3, LAG-3, CD39, KLRG-1, or PD-1, all associated markers of exhaustion, and that these frequencies positively correlated with the presence of LE. In summary, this study shows that distinct exhausted CD8+ T-cell subsets are prominent in individuals suffering from LE, suggesting that enhanced inflammation and constant immune activation might drive exhaustion of CD8+ T cells. Since T-cell exhaustion is known to be associated with insufficient control of persisting antigen, the data presented here reveals that these CD8+ T-cell exhaustion patterns in filarial LE should be taken into consideration for prevention and control management of LE.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Immune Profiles of Exhausted Effector and Memory CD8+ T Cells in Individuals With Filarial Lymphedema

Horn

Borrero-Wolff

Ritter

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…With regards to EOS testing, while parasitic infections such has helminthic infections, have a decreasing prevalence worldwide, it may have a significant presence in developing countries. These infections can stimulate Type 2 helper cells (Th2) immune response with up-regulation of cytokines IL-4-, IL-5-, and IL-13 mediated IgE and EOS (24). Where relevant, physicians may test for parasitic infection and treat if present before commencing type 2 targeted treatment (1).…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of uncontrolled, severe asthma patients with type 2 inflammation (T2): results from a physician survey across countries from Latin American, Eurasian Middle East regions and China

et al. 2021

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Objective: The 2019 GINA guidance incorporates the presence of T2 inflammation in severe asthma patients to determine eligibility for add-on biologic therapy, though little data exists to characterize this population. The objective of this manuscript is to conduct a descriptive analysis to characterize patients with severe asthma in emerging countries based on disease severity, patient exacerbation history, and T2 phenotype. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of physicians treating asthma patients ages 12 years and older was conducted in eight countries. Physicians characterized their severe asthma patients and reported data from their patients' medical charts. Medical chart data was selected from the physicians' six most recent asthma patients taking prescription medication. Results: A total of 550 physicians completed the survey and filled out 3,300 patient record forms. A total of 876 patients have been characterized with uncontrolled severe asthma. Of the 420 patients with available EOS lab data, 40% are indicated with T2 inflammation (EOS ≥150/µL). Ninety-one percent of all patients with available IgE lab data (n = 498) had IgE 30 − 1500 IU/mL indicating allergy-driven asthma. Finally, chronic OCS use (as reported by physicians) was reported in 11% of patients. Conclusion:This research revealed that 65% of patients had at least one of three T2 inflammation comorbidities assessed: allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and atopic dermatitis. Discrepancies were observed between patients' treatment regimens and GINA step reported, suggesting there may be room to improve understanding of asthma severity as defined per GINA guidelines as well as asthma control assessment in clinical practice.supplemental data for this article can be accessed at publisher's website.

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“…Besides this, helminth secretome has recently been shown as a novel therapeutic avenue for inflammatory disorder 59 . Helminth or its derived product treatment induces Treg and/or alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) which could directly slow down allergen‐specific Th2 responses through a cell contact‐dependent mechanism, synthesis of common immunomodulatory mediators such as IL‐10 and TGF‐ß inhibiting IFN‐γ secreting cell (Th1), and inhibition of binding allergen‐specific IgE via helminth‐specific, and nonspecific polyclonal IgE production called IgE blocking hypothesis 60 …”

Section: Immunomodulatory Effects Of Helminth; the Era Of Sars‐cov‐2 ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulation of COVID‐19 severity by helminth co‐infection: Implications for COVID‐19 vaccine efficacy

Akelew

Henok

Ebrahim

et al. 2021

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), an emerging virus in late 2019 causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), has caused a catastrophic effect, resulting in an unprecedented global crisis. The immunopathology of COVID‐19 appears to be clearly associated with a dysregulated immune response leading to organ failure and death. Similarly, over two billion people worldwide are infected with helminth, with those living in low‐middle‐income countries disproportionately affected. Helminth infections have been shown to possess immunomodulatory effects in several conditions. Helminth co‐infection in COVID‐19 patients is one of the potential reasons for global attention to answer why COVID‐19 severity is still lower in helminth endemic countries. Recent studies have shown that helminth endemic countries showed fewer cases and deaths so far and helminth co‐infection might reduce the severity of COVID‐19. Moreover, lessons from other diseases with helminth co‐infection have been shown to substantially reduce vaccine efficacy that could also be implicated for COVID‐19. This immunomodulatory effect of helminth has intended and unintended consequences, both advantageous and disadvantageous which could decrease the severity of COVID‐19 and COVID‐19 vaccine efficacy respectively. Herewith, we discuss the overview of COVID‐19 immune response, immunomodulatory effects of helminth co‐infections in COVID‐19, lessons from other diseases, and perspectives on the efficacy of COVID‐19 vaccines.

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<p>Helminth Induced Immunoregulation and Novel Therapeutic Avenue of Allergy</p>

Cited by 18 publications

References 102 publications

Distinct Immune Profiles of Exhausted Effector and Memory CD8+ T Cells in Individuals With Filarial Lymphedema

Distinct Immune Profiles of Exhausted Effector and Memory CD8+ T Cells in Individuals With Filarial Lymphedema

Characterization of uncontrolled, severe asthma patients with type 2 inflammation (T2): results from a physician survey across countries from Latin American, Eurasian Middle East regions and China

Immunomodulation of COVID‐19 severity by helminth co‐infection: Implications for COVID‐19 vaccine efficacy

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