<p>Genipin Induces Autophagy and Suppresses Cell Growth of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma via PI3K/AKT/MTOR Pathway</p>

Abstract

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignant tumor of the head and neck, and it accounts for more than 90% of oral cancer. Due to high mortality, limitations of traditional treatment and many complications, new treatment methods are urgently needed. This study aimed to look into the effect of new potential anti-tumor drug, genipin, on OSCC treatment. Methods: In vitro, CCK-8, colony formation, and flow cytometry were used to detect the effect of genipin on SCC-9 and SCC-15 cell lines. Immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, and Western blotting were used to investigate its mechanism. Xenograft tumor model was used to explore the role of genipin in vivo. Results: We found that genipin suppressed cell growth and induced apoptosis in vitro. In addition, the expression of p62 was down-regulated while Beclin1 and LC3II were up-regulated in SCC-25 and SCC-9 cells. 3-methyladenine (3-MA) significantly decreased LC3 (LC3II) + puncta, but genipin rescuect 3d this reduction. Furthermore, genipin also reduced the expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR. In vivo experiment showed that genipin significantly curbed the tumor size and weight. The positive expression of Ki67 protein and number of apoptotic cells were increased. Conclusion: Conclusively, this study implicated that genipin suppresses cell proliferation and stimulated apoptosis, and is the first exploration showing that genipin induces OSCC cell autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibition.

MCU That Is Transcriptionally Regulated by Nrf2 Augments Malignant Biological Behaviors in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells

“…Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 90% oral malignancies, characterized by high aggressive and early lymph node metastasis [ 1 – 3 ]. According to the latest GLOBOCAN 2019 report, the number of new cases of oral cancer in 2019 is 53,000, and the death toll is 10,860 in the United States [ 4 ].…”

Genipin Attenuates Tau Phosphorylation and Aβ Levels in Cellular Models of Alzheimer’s Disease

“…4C and D). Some previous studies suggested that genipin can induce autophagy through the p53-DRAM signaling pathway in gastric cancer treatment or via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma treatment [39,40]. Herein, genipin was also con rmed to induce autophagy, which may further be involved in regulating Tau phosphorylation.…”

<p>Cytotoxic and Antiproliferative Effects of β-Mangostin on Rat C6 Glioma Cells Depend on Oxidative Stress Induction via PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway Inhibition</p>

“…PI3K/AKT is a potent pathway to activate and trigger cell survival signals, which play a crucial role in apoptotic cell death associated with chemotherapeutic drug treatment. 28,29 Dysregulation of this pathway is also related to the therapeutic resistance of glioma. 30 With that, our results demonstrated that β-mangostin resulted in a significant induction of apoptosis and in a concomitant reduction of Akt phosphorylation at Ser473, which consequently inhibited PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in C6 cells.…”