&lt;p&gt;Galanin Receptors as Drug Target for Novel Antidepressants: Review&lt;/p&gt;

Demsie, Desalegn Getnet; Altaye, Birhanetensay Masresha; Weldekidan, Etsay; Gebremedhin, Hagazi; Alema, Niguse Meles; Tefera, Molla; Bantie, Abere Tilahun

doi:10.2147/btt.s240715

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(135 reference statements)

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“…These receptors trigger two major signal transduction pathways: GalR1 and GalR3 stimulate cAMP synthesis, and GalR2 stimulates phosphatidylinositol (IP 3 ) synthesis [ 5 ]. GalRs are involved in a range of physiological and pathological processes including the development of neurons and neuronal regeneration and protection, blood pressure regulation, nociception, food intake, mood, water balance, energy expenditure and reproduction [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. GalRs play a role in the regulation of depression-like behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galanin Receptors (GalR1, GalR2, and GalR3) Expression in Colorectal Cancer Tissue and Correlations to the Overall Survival and Poor Prognosis of CRC Patients

Kieżun

Godlewski

Krazinski

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer in women and the third in men. The postoperative pathomorphological evaluation of patients with CRC is extremely important for future therapeutic decisions. Although our previous studies demonstrated high galanin (GAL) presence within tumor tissue and an elevated concentration of GAL in the serum of CRC patients, to date, there is a lack of data regarding GAL receptor (GalR) protein expression in CRC cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of all three types of GalRs (GalR1, GalR2 and GalR3) within epithelial cells of the human colon and CRC tissue with the use of the immunohistochemical method and to correlate the results with the clinical-pathological data. We found stronger immunoreactivity of GalR1 and GalR3 in CRC cells compared to epithelial cells of the unchanged mucosa of the large intestine. No differences in the GalR2 protein immunoreactivity between the studied tissues were noted. We also found that the increased immunoexpression of the GalR3 in CRC tissue correlated with the better prognosis and longer survival (p < 0.0079) of CRC patients (n = 55). The obtained results suggest that GalR3 may play the role of a prognostic factor for CRC patients. Based on data from the TCGA-COAD project deposited in the GDC Data Portal, we also found that GalR mRNA in cancer samples and the adjacent normal tissue did not correlate with immunoexpression of the GalR proteins in CRC cells and epithelial cells of the unchanged mucosa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galanin Receptors (GalR1, GalR2, and GalR3) Expression in Colorectal Cancer Tissue and Correlations to the Overall Survival and Poor Prognosis of CRC Patients

Kieżun

Godlewski

Krazinski

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Such data could enable point of care testing kits that enable high precision prognostic profiling of patients. The presented data also suggest a potential for galaninergic signaling manipulation via galanin receptor ligands [ 38 ] to prevent cognitive complications after hip fracture; although, the research in this domain is in its infancy [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Serum Neuropeptide Galanin Level Is a Predictor of Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Hip Fracture

et al. 2021

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Background. Hip fracture is a common occurrence in elderly populations and is frequently followed by various levels of cognitive dysfunction, leading to adverse functional outcomes. Risk stratification of hip fracture patients to identify high-risk subsets can enable improved strategies to mitigate cognitive complications. The neuropeptide galanin has multiple neurological functions, and altered levels are documented in dementia-type and depression disorders. The present study investigated the association of serum neuropeptide galanin levels in hip fracture patients with the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction during the first week of admission. Methods. 276 hip fracture patients without preexisting delirium, cognitive impairment, or severe mental disorders were included in a cross-sectional study. Serum galanin levels were assessed by ELISA on the second day of admission. Routine clinical and laboratory variables were documented. MoCA was performed within 1 week, and those with a score < 26 were categorized with “cognitive decline.” Inferential statistics including multiple linear regression analysis were applied to determine the association of serum galanin level and cognitive status. Results. 141 patients were categorized with “cognitive decline,” and 135 patients were categorized as “cognitively normal.” Serum galanin was highly significantly increased in the “cognitive decline” group ( 34.2 ± 4.8 , pg/ml) compared to the “cognitively normal” group ( 28.9 ± 3.7 , pg/ml) and showed significant negative correlation with MoCA scores ( r = − 0.229 , p = 0.016 ). Regression analysis showed serum galanin as the sole significant independent predictor of lower MoCA scores ( β = 0.231 , p = 0.035 ) while age, gender, blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood glucose levels had no significant association. Conclusion. Higher serum galanin predicted the development of cognitive dysfunction and worse MoCA scores in a cohort of hip fracture patients without preexisting cognitive impairment or delirium at admission, thus warranting large-scale studies investigating galanin as a candidate biomarker to identify hip fracture patients at risk of cognitive decline.

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“…Several neuropeptides such as NPY, somatostatin, galanin and orexin, at different extents, have been implicated in the pathology of affective disorders and have been suggested as potential therapeutic targets [21,[94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101]. The VIP/PACAP system has also been implicated with depression and anxiety, although there are some conflicting findings.…”

Section: Depression Anxiety and Bipolar Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting the neurological comorbidities of multiple sclerosis: the beneficial effects of VIP and PACAP neuropeptides

Jansen¹,

Broome²,

Castorina³

2022

J. Integr. Neurosci.

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Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclaseactivating polypeptide (PACAP) are two widely expressed neuropeptides with important immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties in the central nervous system (CNS). Both VIP and PACAP have been implicated in several neurological diseases and have shown favourable e fects in di ferent animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic in lammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the CNS a fecting over 2.5 million people worldwide. The disease is characterised by extensive neuroin lammation, demyelination and axonal loss. Currently, there is no cure for MS, with treatment options only displaying partial e ficacy. Importantly, epidemiological studies in the MS population have demonstrated that there is a high incidence of neurological and psychological comorbidities such as depression, anxiety, epilepsy and stroke among a licted people. Hence, given the widespread protective e fects of the VIP/PACAP system in the CNS, this review will aim at exploring the beneficial roles of VIP and PACAP in ameliorating some of the most common neurological comorbidities associated with MS. The final scope of the review is to put more emphasis on how targeting the VIP/PACAP system may be an e fective therapeutic strategy to modify MS disease course and its associated comorbidities.

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<p>Galanin Receptors as Drug Target for Novel Antidepressants: Review</p>

Cited by 11 publications

References 85 publications

Galanin Receptors (GalR1, GalR2, and GalR3) Expression in Colorectal Cancer Tissue and Correlations to the Overall Survival and Poor Prognosis of CRC Patients

Galanin Receptors (GalR1, GalR2, and GalR3) Expression in Colorectal Cancer Tissue and Correlations to the Overall Survival and Poor Prognosis of CRC Patients

Increased Serum Neuropeptide Galanin Level Is a Predictor of Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Hip Fracture

Targeting the neurological comorbidities of multiple sclerosis: the beneficial effects of VIP and PACAP neuropeptides

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