<p>Factors Associated With Adherence To Anti-Retroviral Therapy Among People Living With HIV/AIDS At Wangaya Hospital In Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study</p>

Abstract

BackgroundAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a major public health problem. Recently AIDS was considered as a manageable chronic disease. High adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) is necessary to achieve undetectable viral load, reduce morbidity, mortality and to improve the quality of life. It is also preventing the drug resistance, reducing the transmission and finally leading to live longer and healthier.ObjectivesTo assess the factor associated with ART adherence among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) at Wangaya Hospital, in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.MethodologyA cross-sectional study was carried out during January 2015–December 2017 among 202 PLWHA taking ART for at least 6 months. The participants were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire to obtain data on socio-demographic characteristics. The data were analyzed using SPSS software for windows version 24.0. Chi-square test was done, the precision value of 95% (p<0.05) was considered statistically to be significant.ResultsA total of 202 PLWHA taking ART, 170 (84.16%) were reported with high adherence (≥95%), 32 (15.84%) were low adherence (<95%). Factors found to be independently associated with high adherence to ART were employment status/occupation (p = 0.011), type of ARV (due to adverse effect of ART) (p = 0.002) and family support (p < 0.001).ConclusionThis study found that the factor associated with ART adherence among PLWHA who visited Wangaya Hospital, in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, was employment status, type of ARV and family support.

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and associated factors among Human immunodeficiency virus positive patients accessing treatment at Nekemte referral hospital, west Ethiopia, 2019

“…positive influences on their adherence. This finding is consistent with the study done in Indonesia [37], Ghana [20], Eastern Ethiopia [34] and Sub-Saharan Africa [38]. However, the study done in China [17], Southern Ethiopia [32], South Africa [33], Nepal [35], Myanmar [18], Togo [36] and North West Ethiopia [21] didn't show a significant association between family/ social support and adherence to antiretroviral medication.…”

“…This level of adherence is slightly consistent with the study done in Southern Ethiopia (68.0%) [32], Northern Tanzania (71.0%) [19] and South Africa (69.0%) [33]. However, it is lower than a study done in China (85.5%) [17], Eastern Ethiopia (85.0%) [34], North-West Ethiopia (88.2%) [21], Nepal (87.4%) [35], Myanmar (84.0%) [18], Togo (78.4%) [36] and Indonesia (84.16%) [37]. On the other hand, the levels of adherence to ARV medication in this study is higher than the study done in Ghana (62.2%) [20] and Nyamagana-Mwanza (54.9%) [31].…”

The Correlation of Antiretroviral Consumption Adherence on the Quality of Life of HIV Patients: A Systematic Review

“…A total of 15 articles selected in the line review published between 2016 and 2020 are international journals originating from the country (Brazil = 2); (Betancur et al, 2017), (Sabino et al, 2021), (Africa = 3); (Nyongesa et al, 2018), (Bulali et al, 2018), (Kagee et al, 2016), (China = 2); (Xiao et al, 2019), (Tran et al, 2018), (Indonesian = 2) (Suryana et al, 2019), (Khotimah et al, 2018), (Eutopia = 2) (Asrat et al, 2020), (Desta et al, 2020), (Indian = 1) (Sarkar et al, 2019), (USA = 3), (Lahai et al, 2020), (Reis et al, 2019), (Primeira et al, 2020). The total number of respondents in this review were 5,416 respondents, with a total population involved between 83 and 1395 participants.…”

“…A systematic review of this review was all studies that had been synthesized and then grouped into 3 groups, based on: The correlation adherence of antiretroviral (ARVs) drugs consumption to the enhancement of the quality of life of HIV AIDS patients (Desta et al, 2020), (Xiao et al, 2019), (Reis et al, 2019), (Nyongesa et al, 2018), (Lahai et al, 2020), (Sabino et al, 2021), (Primeira et al, 2020), (Kagee et al, 2016), (Tran et al, 2018). Factors affecting the adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in HIV patients (Asrat et al, 2020), (Reis et al, 2019), (Nyongesa et al, 2018), (Betancur et al, 2017), (Lahai et al, 2020), (Suryana et al, 2019), (Desta et al, 2020), (Bulali et al, 2018), (Sabino et al, 2021), (Mohebi et al, 2018), (Kagee et al, 2016), (Khotimah et al, 2018), (Tran et al, 2018) and other factors that influenced Quality of Life (QoL) besides ARV in HIV patients (Asrat et al, 2020), (Nyongesa et al, 2018), (Xiao et al, 2019), (Betancur et al, 2017), (Lahai et al, 2020), (Desta et al, 2020), (Sabino et al, 2021), (Primeira et al, 2020), (Mohebi et al, 2018), (Kagee et al, 2016).…”

“…Article author Depression / major depressive disorder (Asrat et al, 2020), (Nyongesa et al, 2018), (Betancur et al, 2017), (Tran et al, 2018), (Sabino et al, 2020) Marital status, employment status, type of ARV, family support, environment, emotional, less supportive place for ARV services, gender, age (Lahai et al, 2020), (Suryana et al, 2019), (Mohebi et al, 2018), (Tran et al, 2018), (Efficacy & To, 2018), (Nyongesa et al, 2018), (Betancur et al, 2017), (Reis et al, 2020), (Asrat et al, 2020), (Bulali et al, 2018), (Desta et al, 2020), (Sabino et al, 2020) Self Efficacy /concentration / forgetfulness (Kagee et al, 2016), (Efficacy & To, 2018), (Betancur et al, 2017) Fear or shame, uncomfortable, stigma is known as HIV patients (Kagee et al, 2016), (Tran et al, 2018) Toxic ARV (Betancur et al, 2017) Table 3. Other factors that influence Quality of Life (QoL) besides ARV in HIV patients.…”